If I don’t do X, Y rarely happens, but there is a background rate of Y happening in the absence of X.
If I do X, Y almost always happens, but there have been a few times where it didn’t happen.
Not doing X = Y happens in 4/60 tests.
Doing X = Y happens in 57/60 tests.
It’s clear to me (and statistically) that ‘Doing X’ does indeed correlate with ‘Y happening’, and I have a well-known mechanism to assert not just correlation but cause.
Furthermore, I have perfectly plausible explanations for why there is a background incidence of Y happening when I didn’t do X and for why Y doesn’t always happen when I do X.
I am now testing those sub-hypotheses.
But the existence of those outlier observations doesn’t negate the conclusion that ‘Doing X causes Y to happen’ and undermine the model I’m working on.
The same principle applies to sex classifications in humans. The ‘outlier’ observations are even rarer than those described above, and we understand (for the most part) how those people with atypical biology have diverted from typical developmental trajectories.
But people with DSDs don’t ‘disprove’ anything about the development of males or females in humans. In fact, the study of such conditions has fed information in to our developmental models.
Clarity: someone gonna get snippy about my use of ‘causes’ in the second sentence. ‘correlates with Y happening’
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‘According to the range argument, however, lots of male-born people, including transwomen, are in the range of females. This means they are not necessarily faster or stronger than the fastest or strongest female athletes just because they were born male.’
‘So, if transwomen are “in the range” of female athletes, then their inclusion in sport is still fair, right?
Wrong.’
It assumes symmetry - that is, if T causes X, removing T will remove X.
That is intuitive and sometimes true, but not necessarily so. Any developmental biologist will tell you that the effects of a molecule on a target system are not always reversible.
Target tissues can be induced to develop in ways that are irreversible or heavily resistant to change.
Once such a developmental change is set, removing the trigger makes no difference.
@GaryLineker Hi Gary. People have tried to get me sacked/suspended for questioning the fairness of inclusion of transwomen in female sports (see pinned academic review for more info).
@GaryLineker Fortunately, my institute has been supportive of my voice.
The same institute whose students no platformed tireless feminist activist and advocate Julie Bindel @bindelj from a debate, ironically, about free speech.
I’ve been lucky. Many other women less so.
@GaryLineker@bindelj In the course of my research, I’ve met some fantastic national and international female athletes, current and retired, who are terrified of even raising questions about current sports policies.
If, as we are told, sporting ability is a random mix of innate talent and acquired skills mapped onto a continuum of bodies, it’s deeply puzzling that very few females have ever possessed a winning combination.
If, as we are told, sporting success can hinge on a favourable socioeconomic climate, why have privileged females never made the grade?
If, as we are told, sporting success can hinge on a favourable cultural environment (or outright nepotism), why have privileged females never made the grade?
@RobynRyle 1. Socioeconomic and similar barriers are not ‘unfair’, they are examples of an ‘unjust society’. We can try to address that in sports as a general good. So broadening access by providing programmes, funding for equipment and coaching, and so on.
@RobynRyle 2. You say: it's deemed unfair for a 126 pound featherweight to compete against a 200-plus pound heavyweight.
Does use of ‘deemed’ mean you don’t actually agree such a match would be unfair?
@RobynRyle 3. On genetic advantages, you cite cyclists/runners with extraordinary muscular metabolism, basketballers/swimmers with skeletal syndromes and baseballers with superior vision.
Will the @ONS please confirm that if trans people mark their legal/selfID sex (Q3) and state a corresponding gender identity (Q27), they have no way of ascertaining which people are trans.
And thus, no way of: 1. Estimating true numbers within the population.
2. Understanding population patterns of trans identity. 3. Understanding whether trans people are in stable relationships, and/or are parents. 4. Knowing whether trans people have stable jobs, and whether they earn similarly to peers.
5. Knowing whether they live in stable accommodation. 6. Knowing how educational attainment maps to peers. 7. Understanding rates of health issues in trans people. 8. Knowing whether they can afford and/or manage to heat their house.