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Feb 28, 2021 16 tweets 6 min read Read on X
1/ The Swiss Stock Exchange ($2 Trillion market cap) will be launching SIX Digital Exchange (SDX), the world's first regulated digital market infrastructure using DLT. Work is being done with the Swiss Central Bank around a wholesale CBDC. Lets see how Quant could be used 👇 $QNT
2/ SIX operates the Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) system the RTGS system for the Swiss National Bank (Central Bank) as well as running Switzerland's national Central Securities Despository (CSD). SIX are also owned by around 122 domestic and international financial institutions Image
3/ Project Helvetia successfully demonstrated the settling of tokenised assets with a wholesale CBDC and with linking a DLT platform to existing legacy payment systems in collaboration with SIX, SNB and the Bank for International Settlements. bis.org/publ/othp35.pdf
4/ Quant could be used with both the proof of concepts demonstrated, but will just briefly cover the first one which involved the issuance of a wholesale CBDC for Delivery Vs Payment settlement involving 2 commercial banks. Full text / diagram can be seen here. Image
5/ The process begins with a commercial bank sending funds to the Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) payment system. Which triggers an ISO 20022 message from the SIC to the SNB node in SDX.
6/ SDX uses R3's Corda and so a solution such as Quant can be used to provide interoperability between the legacy system and the DLT system by being able to trigger the ISO message, Quant's Overledger DLT Gateway based on ISO standards then translates that message through..
7/ it's single scalable API and converts it into a format that the R3 Corda node on SDX can interpret

Upon receiving the message the SNB node then issues the equivalent amount of wholesale CBDC on the ledger which can then be used for Delivery vs Payment settlement of securities
8/ Whilst at the same time ensuring that SDX isn't locked into one underlying blockchain platform and that it's able to seamlessly integrate with existing networks as well as any other DLT solutions at scale. Whether that be Corda, Ethereum, Hyperledger or other DLTs Image
9/ The importance of this was stressed in a recent blog post sdx.com/blog/predictio… (Quant is actually providing solutions for each 5 of those predictions)

"In order to rebuild the systems of tomorrow, we must design them with the end goal in mind" Image
10/ Quant's Multi-Ledger Tokens solution not only enables the issuance of CBDC's / stablecoins from FIAT funds on legacy systems but it also enables them to be used across any DLT, a mixture of DLT's public or private whilst maintaining a clear auditable record of ownership Image
11/ This is important for mass adoption opening up the walled gardens of different DLT solutions and being able to seamlessly integrate and move across any of them. Consumers / Merchants etc don't all need to use the same platform.
12/ Phase 2 of Project Helvetia expands the integration further by integrating wholesale CBDCs into core banking systems as well as exploring cross border use cases with wholesale CBDCs. Image
13/ SIX have partnered with SBI in a joint venture connecting SDX with the Singapore-based digital issuance platform.

"This is an important step in building the necessary global infrastructure for widespread institutional adoption of digital assets"

sdx.com/news/six-and-s…
14/ For a high level overview of Quant see this thread.
15/ Quant are working with multiple central banks around CBDCs as well as with work in capital markets. ImageImageImageImage
16/ 👀 There is so much going on in the background which hasn't been made public yet. Exciting times ahead. $QNT Image

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More from @CryptoSeq

Feb 5
1/ Simply having the EVM utilise 100 threads does not mean you get 100x the performance, state growth remains the main bottleneck, so how does $SEI address this?

SEI V2 introduces SEI DB which brings numerous improvements to enable it to scale more than 100x than other EVMs Image
2/ First what is state?

State refers to the current status of the blockchain and includes things such as account balances, smart contract code, and other storage data. (It does not include the history of every tx).

Every time a transaction is processed the relevant data is
3/ retrieved from disk so that the transaction can be executed and then the updated state is written back to disk.

Each transaction also accesses the disk multiple times rather than once, increasing the overhead. As the size of the state grows (via number of accounts increasing
Read 13 tweets
Feb 3
Mid-range modern desktop CPUs come with 16 cores & 32 threads nowadays, yet the current EVM implementations can only utilise just a single thread to process all transactions, sequentially, one after another.

Parallel EVMs enable all threads to be utilised for higher performance
Another way to think about it - imagine a theme park entry with just a single person at a counter checking everyone's tickets to grant them entry. A Bus drops 96 passengers off who seek entry and they form a single long line where each is checked in turn and granted entry
The person at the back of the queue has to wait for 95 others to be processed first.

Now imagine if the theme park had 32 employees and 32 counters all checking everyone's tickets. Instead of a single line 96 deep, there is now 32 much shorter lines of just 3 people deep.
Read 4 tweets
Jan 16
1/ High throughput Parallel EVM chains are going to be big in 2024

But what are the differences / trade-offs between the two most anticipated parallel EVM L1's due to launch, $SEI & $MONAD?

👇🧵outlines overview & differences / trade-offs from someone who intends to own both Image
2/ Standard EVM chains are single threaded & have to process every transaction sequentially one after another. Parallel execution enables many transactions to be processed in parallel, utilising multiple threads/cores that are included with modern CPUs for greater throughput
3/ Parallel transactions are only possible for those that don't touch the same state / conflicting transactions and so for those they would all have to be processed sequentially, however for those that don't touch the same state they can be run in parallel
Read 23 tweets
Jul 10, 2023
1/11
Decentralisation is largely a theatre at this point - heavy reliance on a few centralised trusted entities - RPC providers, upgradable smart contracts, small multisig oracles / bridges, sequencers, front ends / wallet infra, governance controlled by few large entities etc
2/11
CBDC's are largely misunderstood & crypto people think they are just a tool for governments to spy on your payments, whilst simultaneously advocating the use of payments on public blockchains that have no privacy and not only every government but anyone can track your entire
3/11
payment history and future payments as well as everyone you have interacted with as well.
Read 11 tweets
Mar 5, 2023
Given the large number of PoS blockchains there are now with a wide variety of value securing them, how many hacks have there been where PoS has been compromised?

Whereas how many hacks have there been due to smart contract vulnerabilities / multisig/priv keys being compromised?
Don't fall for the shared security meme and think that rollups, dapps etc built on an L1 share the same security as the L1 when they all add their own security assumptions - whether that be through smart contract risk, multisig upgrade rights, centralised sequencer without proofs
If I build a DAPP on Ethereum with admin keys / upgrade rights & steal all the funds, (or there is just a security vulnerability that results in all funds being lost), it should hopefully be clear to all these new people getting into crypto that it doesn't share the same security
Read 12 tweets
Mar 4, 2023
A retail CBDC issued by the FED is unlikely to happen anytime soon, and even if they did the impact would be limited (despite all the talk about privacy concerns etc). The vast majority of money used to today is commercial bank money issued by banks and it's far more likely that
banks issue stablecoins (ideally working together to issue a single representation rather than each bank issuing their own) and be backed by a wholesale CBDC with the FED. Whereas retail CBDCs will be designed to not compete with commercial bank money and limited to holding a
small amount (UK is £10,000 - £20,000 max per person), far larger amounts that also can earn interest will be available when issued through banks. This would create easy on/off ramps to crypto, provide safer stablecoins than todays alternatives and enable mass adoption,
Read 4 tweets

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