Given the large number of PoS blockchains there are now with a wide variety of value securing them, how many hacks have there been where PoS has been compromised?

Whereas how many hacks have there been due to smart contract vulnerabilities / multisig/priv keys being compromised? Don't fall for the shared security meme and think that rollups, dapps etc built on an L1 share the same security as the L1 when they all add their own security assumptions - whether that be through smart contract risk, multisig upgrade rights, centralised sequencer without proofs

A retail CBDC issued by the FED is unlikely to happen anytime soon, and even if they did the impact would be limited (despite all the talk about privacy concerns etc). The vast majority of money used to today is commercial bank money issued by banks and it's far more likely that

https://twitter.com/CoinDesk/status/1632064847331446790

banks issue stablecoins (ideally working together to issue a single representation rather than each bank issuing their own) and be backed by a wholesale CBDC with the FED. Whereas retail CBDCs will be designed to not compete with commercial bank money and limited to holding a

1/ Whilst there is lots to be excited about being built in crypto, there is undoubtedly an incredible amount of risk (particularly in the US). When combined with the low liquidity after the recent blow up of MMs, expect a lot of volatility.

Some of the risks I am monitoring: 👇 2/ Crypto:
MT Gox BTC releases starting March 10th until Sept

ETH Shanghai in April enabling ETH staking withdrawals

Grayscale vs SEC - if BTC ETF approved - closing of gap between GBTC and BTC

1/ With more and more Subnets starting to go live on Avalanche, how best to attract users?

One way would be to airdrop tokens to those who stake $AVAX and require interaction with the subnet to redeem.

This has multiple benefits as detailed below 🧵👇 2/ Attract users from within the large existing user base of the Avalanche ecosystem and drive demand for your subnet. I.e. if launching a game on a subnet, require that users have to reach a certain level / complete certain task in order to redeem the airdrop to AVAX stakers

1/ Whilst the rumours of Binance delisting US based tokens was denied, the recent actions by US regulators could very well force not only all exchanges to delist the majority of tokens to US citizens, but also completely restrict the US from accessing DeFi / other activities. 2/ In that scenario do you think Asia bidding when China's economy is faltering, the world looks to be entering a global recession with inflation starting to rise again, along with geo-political landscape continuing to escalate

1/ Imagine how better the UK would be positioned we today if crypto was utilised @RishiSunak

Issue UK Government bonds (Gilts) on the blockchain easily enabling global participation to earn a higher yield than most of DeFi with much less risk and help keep borrowing costs lower 2/
Have banks issue a £ stablecoin to increase adoption of the £ and it's ability for crypto to be used as payment in stores and seen as more trusted solution compared to other stable issuers

Have the @RoyalMintUK issue tokens backed by Gold held in the vaults of the Royal Mint

1/ Having spent most of 2022 in stablecoins and on the sidelines, I think 2023 could be a very challenging but pivotal year for the future of crypto that will create a lot of opportunities. Here are some predictions / really important things I think to keep an eye on 2/ Genesis of DCG files for Chapter 11, leaving a huge loan for DCG to cover which will result in at least part of the GBTC trust being sold / unwound creating a lot of additional BTC selling pressure and lack of liquidity / credit.

1/ This year I was fortunate enough to retire early after starting to invest in crypto 5 years ago. There was plenty of luck involved, but below is a very high level of what worked for me and some of the lessons I learnt along the way from an investment point of view. 🧵👇 2/ I started my crypto journey by investing a small amount mid 2017 looking for "the next big thing" (which in fact turned out to be a load of 💩coins)😅 Saw my portfolio do 10x in a matter of months & then held all the way back down in the subsequent bear market. I was hooked.

1.Regardless of whether you think Binance is solvent or not, it's important we learn from mistakes in blindly trusting large exchanges & continue to push for more transparency to better protect users in the future. Things I want to see from Binance👇(even FTX was more transparent

https://twitter.com/Crypto_McKenna/status/1602205772947116033

2. on several things).
Where is the HQ located? Who is on the board? CZ mentioned all of these would be answered soon (way back in videos from September last year) but still we don't have this basic information.

1/ My position on crypto hasn't changed but I am now starting to buy UK long-term gilts. I plan to allocate 40% of capital as less riskier investment & taking advantage of the recent crash in prices. 4.25% interest each year for 30+ years imo is much safer than in some DeFi pool 2/ I think the recession over the next couple of years will bring down inflation and due to the amount of debt everywhere, interest rates will likely trend lower again. Whilst inflation is higher than the interest earned now, I don't believe that will be the case longer term.

1/ I'm still mostly on the sidelines due to the amount of uncertainty in the world right now (not just within crypto but also macro / geopolitical environment. I'm not a trader, but as I frequently get asked what my plans are for future investments, here are my current thoughts:

https://twitter.com/CryptoSeq/status/1565376773528993792

2/ Some of the risks I'm currently watching:

Rising inflation
Effects of rising interest rates
FED starting $96 Billion QT per month
China real estate crisis
Energy crisis
Currency crisis against $ ($ Milkshake theory)
Escalation of war
Rising US / China / Taiwan tensions

So many blockchain games claiming to be AAA when they are clearly not. Rushed creation within months to a year with garbage gameplay and shoe-horned cash grab play to earn mechanics which only bots will play. But with an NFT you own that sword on the blockchain and can use it in other games! What other game is going to create the artwork, animation, balance etc to make that sword fit in their game when they can just create their own and sell it to you?

1/ Podcasts are a great way to learn about new topics / keep up to date. Below are a list of some of the ones I have been listening to related to crypto & marco. Let me know if there are any great podcasts that I have missed (crypto ones are mainly non-ecosystem specific) 👇 2/ Crypto Podcasts
@Unchained_pod open.spotify.com/show/1cJrrfGY1…

@TheScoopPod
open.spotify.com/show/7qwrgTJ5C…

@epicenterbtc
open.spotify.com/show/5pBuPJdMa…

@zeroknowledgefm
open.spotify.com/show/5Xan1x9Cj…

@theBlockcrunch
open.spotify.com/show/09k4pnFm6…

@web3a16z
open.spotify.com/show/7pMZvsNXE…

I wonder how many more people would make it in crypto by:

Don't:
Trade
Use leverage
Buy meme tokens
Buy NFTs
Marry your bags

Do:
Research
Buy tokens based on fundamentals with a longer time horizon
Take profits
Engage in the community & help spread awareness
Follow security bp security bp = (best practices)

Crypto offers incredible life changing opportunities yet many are unwilling to even wait a few years and would rather throw it all away gambling with high leverage to make it sooner.

1/Despite the awful macro environment I am incredibly bullish on the long-term future of crypto and whilst it's very early & a lot of hype whilst many things are very centralised, there is enormous potential. However, my main concern is potential regulation and aggressive SEC🧵👇 2/ The recent case against Coinbase insider trading mentioned examples of 9 tokens that the SEC classed as securities and the reasons why they failed the howey test. They have previously claimed almost all of the crypto tokens are securities and should be regulated as such.

@kevinsekniqi @SatoshiAlien @epolynya @TrustlessState @el33th4xor @econoar @ChainLinkGod @luigidemeo @sassal0x @RyanSAdams 1/ With regards to the question, it depends on what time frame you are talking about and how the technology matures, but speaking as things stand currently as that is all we know can be 100% delivered, there is little reason to build on a L2 rollup on ETH vs a subnet. @kevinsekniqi @SatoshiAlien @epolynya @TrustlessState @el33th4xor @econoar @ChainLinkGod @luigidemeo @sassal0x @RyanSAdams 2/ Eth L2 Rollups in their current form vs subnets:

Weaker security
Weaker censorship resistance
Weaker liveness
Less customisability
More centralised
More latency
More expensive
More complexity
Permissioned single sequencer can extract all MEV
Potential regulatory concerns.

1/ Both $VTX & $ECD up 50% in the last 24 hours as $PTP wars continues🚀

Earn 10 - 27% APR on your stablecoins $USDC, $USDT, $DAI, $UST, $FRAX, $MIM (rewards in $PTP)

Stake $PTP to earn even further yield!
367% APR with Vector
624% APR with Echidna (locking up ECD for 3x multi)

https://twitter.com/CryptoSeq/status/1500423522761519106

2/ As the competition for liquidity between stablecoins heats up on Avalanche and gauge pools being implemented on Platypus, the dominant stableswap on Avalanche for low slippage, then there is going to be an ever growing demand to control governance as per Curve wars with Convex

1/8
Another amazing day at the #Avalanche Summit with lots of Alpha leaks 🔥

Avalanche-v2
Fast Sync, Checkpointing
Easier exchange integrations for subnets
New EVM optimized for Avalanche
Better state management / state growth
New custom database for more performance
$AVAX 2/ Subnets:
Multiverse expansion with DeFi, GameFi and Traditional Finance
Low MEV Subnet
Private Smart Contract subnets
Working with the world experts in ZK Snarks to bring private execution to subnets
Quantum Safe VMs
WASM VMs
Protocol-Level Briding for Interop between subnets

1/ Building blockchains is hard and not uncommon for their to be some issues at launch and whilst I don't like to dunk on a team after a bad event, the findings on this call were really shocking, inexcusable and worth a listen.

Some of the issues / findings:🧵👇

https://twitter.com/EvmosOrg/status/1500881575722037249

2/
Bug on EVM module, parameter was disabled preventing all EVM transactions and ERC20 conversions to Cosmos

Security vulnerability allowed anyone to claim other people's airdrop allocations through IBC

1/ Avalanche is a modular blockchain PLATFORM
Celestia is a modular BLOCKCHAIN

A vast amount of modular & non-modular blockchains can be built on the Avalanche platform with subnets

A modular blockchain is not suitable for all use cases

A subnet is not a single blockchain
🧵👇

https://twitter.com/CannnGurel/status/1500914147432689667

2/ A subnet is not a single blockchain. It is a dynamic set of validators which reach consensus on the state of one or more blockchains. Subnets also support the ability to apply complex rules to the validator set which can be useful for regulatory compliance & other use cases

@AkhilAdler @echidna_finance @vector_fi Options Echidna
Buy $ECD, Lock it up (longer you lock more rewards you get) benefit from price appreciation of $ECD / earn $PTP passive income (which can convert to ecdPTP)

Buy $PTP, swap it for $ecdPTP on Trader Joe. Stake $ecdPTP to earn $ECD passive income (which can lock) @AkhilAdler @echidna_finance @vector_fi Much longer approach without having to buy anything if you already have stables:

Deposit stablecoins, earn PTP as rewards, Swap $PTP for $ecdPTP on Trader Joe (if ratio is better than 1:1). Lock ECD

Or use a combination of all 3 methods