When the tensions started to build in Europe in the 1930s, the @USArmy had ample time to rebuild itself. But no money.
Once war broke out in Europe in 1939, the US Army was given more and more money, but now time was scarce.
The @USArmyCMH Green Book on Prewar Plans and Preparations notes some similarities between the preliminaries, developments, and times immediately following both WWI and WWII:
Prior to both wars, there was insufficient military spending, and this was largely due to the American public’s pre-war convictions that war could not reach the United States.
Then there was the hard lesson that war could in fact reach the United States, followed by a late rush for arms, men, ships, and aircraft to overcome the nation’s suddenly obvious military weaknesses.
Before the production and training programs for both wars, there were misunderstandings, delays, and costly expenditures, but we managed the gradual creation of a large and powerful army.
The US Army’s successes increased throughout WWI and WWII and eventually we came out of both wars victorious.
And immediately after both wars, there was a rapid demobilization and dissolution of the @USArmy as a powerful fighting force.
This was accompanied both times by a sharp reduction in military requests for appropriations, generally stemming from concern that there was no need to spend the money, along with a revived sense of hope that, again, war would not reach the US.
There's more to this story and we'll continue on Tuesday 🙂
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Military history is often (mistakenly) considered to be just about wars. And when we talk of @USArmy history, many think we mean just in the context of war. When the Army is engaged in battles.
But the Army exists between wars.
And during peacetime, between wars, the Army trains and maintains, advances and evolves, all to ensure a sufficient state of readiness should an emergency need arise.
The first time the @USArmy General Staff devised a plan for assembling or mobilizing the Army during peacetime was in 1923.
This plan called for 6 field armies with an initial total of 400,000 men on the first day of mobilization (M-Day). And this would increase in the first 4 months to 1.3-million men, and then steadily increase every month thereafter.
There were approximately 20 years between the end of World War I and the beginning of World War II.
During this “Interwar" period the United States engaged in serious efforts to address military shortcomings, especially in materiel, for the first time ever during peacetime.
During the Interwar Years, the @USArmy was inadequately funded, resulting in most units being skeletonized. There was almost no improvement in Army readiness during those 20 years.
Only periodic maneuvers (exercises) were held with the Regular Army and the Army National Guard, and these maneuvers were more like “play-acting” between notional forces. They were mostly ineffective and not meeting their intended purpose. @USNationalGuard
On 1 September 1939, the world witnessed what would eventually be known as World War II, when German forces invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany two days later.
For the two decades of the Interwar Years – the time period between the end of WWI and the beginning of WWII – the United States adopted an increasingly isolationist perspective that had a negative impact on the US Army’s ability to maintain readiness.