2/ When appraisers mapped cities for the federal Homeowners' Loan Corporation in the 1930s, they assigned grades to neighborhoods based on several factors, race high among them.
Black and immigrant neighborhoods were deemed undesirable, marked by yellow or red lines.
3/ These historically redlined neighborhoods suffer a far higher risk of flooding today, according to new research from @Redfin, the Seattle-based real-estate brokerage.
4/ Using flood risk data from the nonprofit @FirstStreetFdn and redlining maps from the University of Richmond's @HOLCRedlining project, Redfin assessed racial disparities in flood risk across dozens of major metro areas.
5/ Consider Sacramento.
With a population of more than 2 million, this metro area had the highest racial flood risk disparity in Redfin's analysis. Creeks in Sacramento have a high flood risk after strong downpours, with the highest risk in historically redlined neighborhoods.
6/ Across 38 major U.S. metros, more than $107 billion worth of homes at high risk for flooding were located in historically redlined (and yellowlined) neighborhoods. These patterns reflect disparities in development compounded by decades of disinvestment.
7/ Here's a look at Chicago.
Built on a swamp and with aging sewer drains, many neighborhoods face frequent floods.
8/ In Detroit, communities of color bear the brunt of flood risk in redlined and greenlined areas alike.
9/ A few cities buck the trend in segregated flood risk disparities.
In Miami, the areas deemed most desirable have always been the city's fantastic beaches.
10/ Today, these areas, like Miami Beach, represent the glitziest neighborhoods in the city.
They are also majority-minority neighborhoods at severe risk of flooding as sea levels rise due to climate change.
11/ One thing that cities with racial disparities in flood risk have in common: They are still segregated today.
In 9 of the 10 cities with a larger share of formerly redlined homes with flood risks, the share of nonwhite households in the redlined neighborhoods is also greater.
12/ Flood risk today isn't race blind: Investments in sewers, levees and other infrastructure rescued some neighborhoods from flooding but left others behind.
This pattern makes flooding a matter of environmental justice.
1/ Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer has unveiled legislation that offers billions in federal dollars for cities willing to demolish urban highways that razed or divided neighborhoods decades ago. bloom.bg/3pMf9pl
2/ The Economic Justice Act, a spending package worth over $435 billion, includes a $10 billion pilot program that would provide funds for communities to examine transit infrastructure that has divided them along racial and economic lines and potentially alter or remove them.
3/ The backstory:
In 1956, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act, the $25 billion program that launched the Interstate Highway System. This nationwide frenzy of freeway building left behind a "horrific legacy" in scores of cities.
1/ America's states and cities are emerging from political exile bloom.bg/3ivSHhn
2/ President-elect Joe Biden's proposed cabinet includes at least six officials who have led municipalities or states, like Pete Buttigieg and Gina Raimondo.
That's in sharp contrast to President Trump, whose cabinet relied heavily on corporate and industry insiders.
3/ With the release of Biden's proposed economic stimulus package, local leaders got a glimpse of what an ally in the White House will mean.
The plan would provide $350 billion in aid to municipal governments. Such help was a major roadblock in stimulus negotiations in 2020.
Demands for police accountability, criminal justice reform and racial justice have been translated from rallying cries and protest signs into initiatives on state and local ballots.
According to a @ballotpedia count, there are at least 20 local police-related measures that qualified for the ballot after the killing of George Floyd.
While some of the measures were proposed directly as a response to the police killing of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor and the calls for change that followed, others had been in the pipeline for years or months, only to gain new momentum this spring.
The plot to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer is the latest example of the far-right/anti-government terrorism happening across the country, and researchers say it’s unlikely to be the last. bloom.bg/3m8nMbo
Since the Minneapolis killing of George Floyd on May 25, professor @areidross has collected nearly 800 incidents.
Including the murders of two BLM protesters by 17-year-old Kyle Rittenhouse in Kenosha, WI. bloom.bg/3m8nMbo
@areidross has built an interactive map meant to track harassment done by both individuals and groups such as the Proud Boys and Boogaloos.
Police expenditures have grown over the last decade and most of the big cities surveyed will allocate over a quarter of their general fund budget to them.