Okay, it’s true - this might be the most boring material in the entire Pentateuch. And it’s Passover tonight, so let’s not get carried away with some massive thread here. Two quick points:
It somehow became a thing for people to translate the words ערת תחשים, for the upper covering of the Tabernacle, as “dolphin skin.” The skin part is right - the dolphin part is pretty unthinkable. Serious attempts have been made to defend this idea, but I just can’t buy it.
The NRSV has “fine leather” here, which is a cop-out, but which at least isn’t embarrassing. Dolphin skins - I mean, come on. In the middle of the damn desert? Just mind-boggling.
The other thing of note here is the last verse, 26:30, because it gives away part of the game here. Scholars and readers basically forever have found it impossible to accurately reproduce the Tabernacle’s appearance. The basics are easy enough, but not the specifics.
And here’s why: the text doesn’t give us the specifics. Only Moses knows - he’s the one who was given the blueprint. And this is a good reminder that even this text, as boring and descriptive as it is, is part of a story, where the characters can know things the reader doesn’t.
These words are for Moses, not for us - they make sense within the story world, not in ours. We aren’t meant to build a Tabernacle - Moses is (was). We won’t ever see it. Moses saw it. It belongs in the narrative, in the past, not in our present. And the Bible knows it.
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This section is basically a near-verbatim fulfillment of the instructions from Exod 28, which isn’t so surprising. What’s interesting here is this repeated phrase, “as YHWH had commanded Moses,” which shows up seven times.
What makes this otherwise pretty standard phrase interesting here is that in all of the Tabernacle construction preceding this, that phrase had appeared only once - and that in the late section we just read, in the summary statement of 38:22.
Suddenly it appears after basically every subsection in this chapter - and seven times, which is a number that we’re trained as biblical readers to sit up and take notice of. (It doesn’t always mean something. But it is a semi-regular structuring device, as probably here.)
In much of “Western” thought, it is standard, to the point of barely noticeable, to describe monotheism as an “advance” over polytheism - as “enlightened,” or “superior,” etc. As if the natural course of human development leads naturally to monotheism.
I think this is nonsense.
I saw it just the other day in a recent essay on the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten, often considered the first monotheist: the author asks, “Was the king an enlightened religious leader?” as if monotheism is self-evidently enlightened.
It’s natural enough: we are monotheists, we are descended from monotheistic traditions, traditions that replaced polytheism with monotheism, so naturally we think ourselves to be enlightened, and monotheism to be the advanced state of being.
It’s not that lists and numbers and adding are foreign to the priestly story - far from it - but this section seems, to my eye at least, patently a later insertion. It both interrupts and contradicts its context.
At the beginning of the construction section, the Israelites were to bring all of their materials to make all the Tabernacle stuff. But here we’re getting an accounting before they’re done - they haven’t made the priestly garments yet.
You might say, sure, but they’ve made all the stuff that uses the precious metals, so that’s why this is here. But they haven’t, actually: the priestly garments require gold too, plenty of it.
Here we have the long description of everything that Bezalel, master craftsman, made for the Tabernacle. Which is to say, all the good stuff, basically in descending order of awesomeness. (Okay, holiness.)
He starts with the ark, which resides in the innermost sanctum; then the table and the menorah and the incense altar, which are in the chamber just outside the ark. All of these are made of gold, which signals their status and sanctity.
Then it's on to the copper stuff outside the sanctum, in the courtyard: the altar for burnt offerings and the wash basin. And here we encounter what is decidedly one of the weirdest details in the whole thing: the wash basin and its stand are made from...women's mirrors?
Despite what you may have heard or read, the sin of the golden calf was not idolatry or apostasy.
Come and see.
What is it that prompts the people to make the calf? It’s not the absence of YHWH, who was never just hanging around the camp anyway. It’s the absence of Moses - without whom their access to the deity is eliminated. They don’t need a new god - YHWH hasn’t changed.
What they need is a new conduit to the deity. Specifically, they’re stuck in the middle of the wilderness and need someone, or something, to lead them through. We don’t know what happened to Moses, they say. You don’t replace Moses with a different god. They didn’t worship him.
Time for a summary thread, since we got all the way through the Tabernacle instructions (in one piece, no less). So if you're just tuning in or catching up, here's the last recap of where we've been: