William Dalrymple Profile picture
Mar 31, 2021 8 tweets 6 min read Read on X
The Starving Buddha-
Lahore Museum, c400 CE
Arguably the greatest of all Gandharan sculptures
Gandharan Masterpieces from Peshawar & Lahore
(New edits on photos taken just before lockdown last year.)

How I love these spectacular black-schist figures, standing eternally meditating, preaching or fasting.
The physique is magnificent: muscles ripple beneath the diaphanous folds of the Buddha’s lunghi or toga...
The saviour sits with half-closed eyes and legs folded in a position of languid relaxation. His hair is oiled and groomed into a beehive topknot; his high, unfurrowed forehead is punctuated with a round urna mark.
His face is full and round; the nose small and straight; and the lips firm and proud.
At the same time as the artists of Gandhara were developing their image of the Buddha with the help of Greek and Roman models, the artists of Mathura were developing a slightly different more Indic Buddha based on the burly images of yakshas.
(Both from the Mathura Museum)
Art historians still debate which came first, the Mathura or Gandharan Buddha. But the two schools drew closer together, especially in their depiction of drapery, and by the Gupta period in the 5th/6thC the superb Mathura & Sarnath Buddhas gave a more Indic feel to Gandaran forms
All these images will be on display in an exhibition on the Art of Ancient India @ArtVadehra in Delhi in May and @grosvenorart in London in July

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More from @DalrympleWill

Dec 24
@EmpirePodUK Christmas 🎄 Special:

THE EMPIRE OF FRANKINCENSE & MYRRH Image
"The Nabateans are a silent partner in everything that goes on in the high summer of the Ancient period” - Bettany Hughes Image
By the time of Jesus’ birth, a mysterious empire had built its wealth through trading two of the gifts present at the Nativity: frankincense and myrrh.

Aromatic crystals harvested from the sap of gnarled trees, frankincense and myrrh were highly desirable commodities known as the tears or the breath of the gods.Image
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Dec 17
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Featured in every Nativity scene in school plays, churches, and art around the world, the Three Wise Men are key characters in the Christmas story. But they are actually only mentioned once in the Bible, appearing in Matthew’s gospel. He describes them not as Kings, not as generalised Wise Men, but specifically as Magi.

So what exactly did he mean by that?Image
The word ‘magi’, derives from the Old Persian ‘magus’, and specifically refers to the Zoroastrian Persian high priesthood, who were renowned throughout the Middle East for their knowledge of the stars and for their expertise in astrology.

The name title stood out in the gospel for being one of the only words in Persian. It is also the root of the English word 'magic' for which the Magi were renowned.
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Dec 13
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Akbar the Aesthete

"Early in his reign, Akbar had made it clear that he had no time for ultra-Orthodox Muslim opinion which objected the depiction of the human form: “There are many that hate painting,” he wrote, but such men I dislike. It appears to me as if a painter had a quite peculiar means of recognising God; for a painter in sketching anything that has life, and in devising its limbs, one after the other, must come to feel that he cannot bestow individuality upon his work, and is thus forced to think of God, the giver of life."Image
As a child, Akbar was dislexic: no one was able to teach him how to read. But he still loved literature - the Indian and Persian epics and Ferdowsi poetry and were read to him by travelling picture showmen and discussed in detail. This seems to have inspired his love of visual arts: ‘one of the biggest paradoxes of art history: the prolific production of illustrated manuscripts was initiated by a man who could not read them himself’.Image
Akbar began the tradition by which the Mughals, perhaps more than any other Islamic dynasty, made their love of the arts and their aesthetic principles a central part of their identity as rulers.

They consciously used jewellery and jewelled objects as they used their architecture, art, poetry, historiography and the dazzling brilliance of their court ceremonial – to make visible and manifest their imperial ideal, to give it a properly imperial splendour, and even a sheen of divine legitimacy. As Abu’l Fazl put it, ‘Kings are fond of external splendour, because they consider it an image of the Divine glory.’Image
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Nov 21
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Panipat 1526
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In 1506, Babur decided to pay a visit to his relatives in Herat. For the first time in his life, he found himself feeling like an unsophisticated, mud-booted provincial. His cousins paid little attention to the unfashionable new arrival and seemed unimpressed by his new conquests.Image
Babur was thoroughly dazzled by the court of Husayn Baqara and the brilliant Persianate cultural world he had created around him “His was a wonderful age,” he wrote in his diary, looking back. “In it, Khurasan and Herat was full of learned and matchless men… In Herat a man can’t stretch his leg without touching a poet’s backside.” Babur toured the sights, visiting the shrine of the Gaza Gah and relished the beauty of a pavilion decorated with murals.Image
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Nov 19
New from @EmpirePodUK

To coincide with the acclaimed Mughal Exhibition: Art, Architecture and Opulence @V_and_A we are today embarking on a major new series on The Great Mughals, telling the story of the lives, courts, writings, battles, art and architecture of the first six Mughal EmperorsImage
Our first episode, out today, is on:
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‘It passed through my mind that to wander from mountain to mountain, homeless and helpless, has little to recommend it.’ Image
Babur was born in Ferghana, in what is now Uzbekistan. He ascended the throne in 1494 at the age of twelve, and by 14 had captured Samarkand; but by 16 he had lost the entire kingdom he inherited to the Uzbeks of the fierce Shaybani Khan. By his late teens he had become a wandering refugee...Image
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Often called Arabic numerals, the modern number system we use today actually originates in India. Whilst in the west they were using Roman numerals, in India they were using numbers 1-9. Image
Then the great Brahmagupta in the 7th century made one of the most monumental developments in human history. He invented zero in its modern form, allowing any number up to infinity to be expressed with just ten distinct symbols: the nine Indian numbers plus zero. Rules that are still taught in classrooms around the world today. This step was a major advance that had never previously been attempted elsewhere and it was this Indian reincarnation of zero as a number, rather than just as an absence, that transformed it and gave it its power.Image
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