Taking an exam in a classroom with social distancing & protocols in place is a relatively safe activity. The risk is a lot higher in regular classes where children sit in crowded rooms for several hrs & talk. Discussion on @IndiaAheadNews @Smita_Sharma feasibility of CBSE exams.
The risk for transmission is greater when people sit together and talk for a long time in closed spaces without masks. Shorter time spent, less talking fewer people and more ventilation will reduce risk. ImageImage
Children have extremely low risk of dying from COVID-19, as I discussed yesterday. See the graphs.

Overall death risk is 1 in 1 million (much lower than other causes of death at that age), and 1:50,000 if they got COVID-19. @IndiaAheadNews @Smita_Sharma @PIB_India @IMAIndiaOrg

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More from @RajeevJayadevan

7 Apr
Hungary 🇭🇺 has the highest vaccination coverage in the EU, yet has the highest death rate. Shows that the mortality is related primarily to the large number of vulnerable people in any country.

abouthungary.hu/covid-vaccine/
The protective effect of vaccination will likely be apparent when the next wave hits. It takes time to not only cover the majority of the population, but also for protective immunity to kick in. Image
Useful timeline of pandemic preparedness and vaccine coverage in Hungary. Overall death dates will not drop as soon as vaccination starts. This takes rime. But when we compare death rates among vaccinated and non-vaccinated, there will be a difference. abouthungary.hu/covid-vaccine/
Read 5 tweets
2 Apr
Could faulty injection technique explain the rare clot disorder with COVID-19 vaccine?

If the tip of the needle doesn’t reach deep enough in the muscle or if it hits a blood vessel, the vaccine can be directly injected into the bloodstream: an extremely rare possibility.

1/6 Image
This can happen when the skin is pinched up by an inadequately trained health worker. (IM injections are meant to be given without pinching up skin, so that the needle tip reaches the muscle)

When skin is pinched up, the needle tip reaches only the subcutaneous tissue.

2/6
When that happens, not only is the vaccine not absorbed properly, but rarely it can hit one of the blood vessels that travel through this layer (this is marked in yellow in my diagram, it is located between skin and muscle). This layer contains a network of blood vessels.

3/6
Read 7 tweets
19 Mar
“Landmark Scottish study suggests children may protect adults from Covid”

Misleading “click bait” conclusions such as this are common when looking at data without understanding the multitude of interconnected factors involved.

1/8

heraldscotland.com/news/19170681.…
The study claims that the more the number of children in a household, the lower the risk of hospitalisation is. While this is an interesting observation, we need to look at the variables involved.

2/8
Those households with children have younger adults as parents, hence less likely to get severe COVID-19.

Their social behaviour trends will be different to those who are single or couples without children. For instance they might eat out less or go to pubs less frequently.

3/8
Read 8 tweets
19 Mar
Study from Cleveland Clinic shows 81.8% lower reinfection rates among those who had prior COVID-19. Those who got reinfection were all mild or asymptomatic. The degree of protection seemed to improve with time.

Details: see thread

1/7

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
150,435 people were studied. Of these, 8845 had prior COVID-19. In this group, 62 cases of reinfection occurred. That is 0.7%. Half were asymptomatic. None were severe or needed ICU care. No deaths.

2/7
141480 people did not have a history of COVID-19. Among this group, 5449 got COVID-19 during the same time period. That is 3.85%. 60% were symptomatic. No severe cases.

3/7
Read 7 tweets
16 Mar
The South Africa trial on Astra Oxford vaccine (against B1.351 variant) was based on a tiny number of people, with unacceptably wide confidence intervals (-50 to +60) which by definition means “too small a sample size”, and the “true value” could lie anywhere in that range.

1/n Image
They looked at just 714 who got placebo, and who 750 got vaccine. Out of these, only 42 people got COVID-19, of whom 32 were mild. With only 10 moderate cases and zero severe cases, it is impossible to conclude anything about the vaccine’s efficacy.

2/4
The aim of COVID-19 vaccination is to prevent severe disease. Without any severe disease in either placebo or vaccine arm, this trial is best called inconclusive. By definition, it can be concluded that “the study needs to be replicated using a sufficiently large sample size”
3/4
Read 4 tweets
12 Mar
Two deaths have caused concern in Italy.

Stefano Paterno, a 43-year-old navy officer, died this week, the day after his injection.

Davide Villa, 50-year-old policeman, died last weekend, 12 days after his vaccination.

See thread below.

1/2

@TRTWorld trtworld.com/life/denmark-n…
The exact cause of these deaths is not known. But when events like this occur in someone who received vaccine, it gets the attention of the world.

Young deaths (non violent) occur from many reasons.
e.g. undetected cardiac illness, cerebral aneurysms, liver disease (see pic)
Italy is going through a COVID-19 surge now, which is bigger than April 2020. Silent or undiagnosed infections could result in deaths from vascular thrombosis that could be interpreted as sudden unexplained deaths. Such events occur even after recovery.

thelocal.it/20210311/covid…
Read 4 tweets

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