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Apr 11, 2021 16 tweets 12 min read Read on X
A thread on recent updates (24 March- 9 April 2021) on Vaxzevria, a COVID19 vaccine mfg by AstraZeneca (called COVISHIELD if the same product is mfg by @SerumInstIndia).

1. Summary of productcharacteristics updated by @AstraZeneca after @EU_Commission's decision. Importantly, ImageImageImage
a) Thromobocytopenia is listed as common (≥1/100 to <1/10) adverse reaction

b) Thrombosis in combination w/ thrombocytopenia is listed as very rare (<1/10,000) adverse reaction

c) Currently available trial data do not allow an estimate of vaccine efficacy in 55+ yrs age group. Image
d) Asks healthcare professionals to be on alert for signs & symptoms of thromboembolism &/or thrombocytopenia. Instructs vaccinated people to seek immediate medical attention if they develop symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, leg swelling, persistent abdominal pain ImageImage
following vaccination. Additionally, anyone w/ neurological symptoms including severe or persistent headaches or blurred vision after vaccination, or who experiences skin bruising (petechia) beyond the site of vaccination after a few days, should seek prompt medical attention.
2. Package leaflet updated by @AstraZeneca. Some important mentions are:

a) Mentions that 2-dose vaccination course of Vaxzevria may not fully protect all those who
receive it. Not known how long protection lasts. Currently there are limited data on efficacy of Vaxzevria in 55+ ImageImage
yrs age group.

b) In possible side-effects,

i) asks to get URGENT medical attention if recipient gets symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. Such reactions may include a combination of any of following symptoms: feeling faint or light-headed, changes in heartbeat, shortness of Image
breath, wheezing, swelling of lips, face, or throat, hives or rash, nausea or vomiting, stomach pain.

ii) Low level of blood platelets listed as common AEFI (may affect up to 1 in 10 people)

iii) Blood clots often in unusual locations (e.g. brain, bowel, liver, spleen) in Image
combination w/ low level of blood platelets listed as very rare AEFI (may affect up to 1 in 10000 people).

3. @AstraZeneca in agreement w/ EMA & <National Competent Authority> released alert for health professionals on risk of thrombocytopenia & coagulation disorders, 24/03/2021 ImageImage
4. PRAC, EMA has started the review of a safety signal to assess AEFI reports of Capillary Leak Syndrome (CLS) (after 5 CLS cases were reported).

For CLS: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary….

References: ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/h…; gov.uk/government/pub…

ImageImage
A short cautionary note on mgmt of patients suffering from COVID-19 Vaccine induced Thrombosis & Thrombocytopenia (VITT).

1. Standard treatments for blood clots on VITT patients can actually cause tremendous harm or outcome can be fatal. @US_FDA

2. Guidance on COVID-19 Vaccine induced Thrombosis & Thrombocytopenia (VITT) by Expert Haematology Panel, UK, 7 Apr '21: b-s-h.org.uk/media/19530/gu…

3. Interim Guidelines on Vaccine-Induced Prothrombotic Immune Thrombocytopenia (VIPIT) by UN, 12 Apr '21: un.org/sites/un2.un.o… ImageImageImage
4. Medical case studies on Thrombosis w/ Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) (also VIPIT or VITT) post COVISHIELD

- Austria & Germany: nejm.org/doi/full/10.10… DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104840 (9 April 2021)

- Norway: nejm.org/doi/full/10.10… DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104882 (9 April 2021) ImageImage
🚨 Atypical thrombosis associated w/ VaxZevria (COVISHIELD)

- France: doi.org/10.1016/j.ther…

In some cases w/ similar clinical/radiological pictures as TTS, anti-PF4 antibodies remained -ve & in some of those cases no thrombocytopenia or coagulation disorders were observed. ImageImageImage
🚨Product info of Vaxzevria (COVISHIELD), approved by CHMP on 20 May 2021. Some revisions on possible AEFIs:

Addition of Immune system disorders (unknown frequency)– Anaphylaxis & Hypersensitivity.

Mentions that transient mild thrombocytopenia was commonly reported in trials. ImageImageImage
Contraindications to not give booster dose of COVISHIELD to those who previously had TTS after COVISHIELD.

Those w/ thrombocytopenia w/in 3 week after COVISHIELD be alert of thrombosis, & vice-versa.

Hypersensitivity reactions presenting as hives or rapid swelling under skin in ImageImage
in areas such as face, lips, mouth & throat are newly identified side effects. [Hypersensitivity reaction of urticaria as new uncommon side effect, & angioedema]

AEFIs cases of Capillary leak syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, & Acute macular neuroretinopathy are under review. ImageImageImage

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More from @das_seed

Jul 2, 2021
Phase 3 trial results for COVAXIN (a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial). Thread.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… 2 July 2021.

1. Vaccine efficacy against

● Symptomatic COVID19+ve: 77.8% (95% CI: 65.2–86.4) w/ 130 cases (24 COVAXIN, 106 placebo) Image
● Severe symptomatic COVID-19+ve: 93·4% (57·1–99·8) w/ 16 cases (1 COVAXIN, 15 placebo)

● Symptomatic COVID19+ve in age 18–59 yrs: 79·4% (66–88·2) w/ 109 cases (19 COVAXIN, 90 placebo)

● Asymptomatic COVID19+ve: 63·6% (29🤔–82·4) w/ 47(?) cases (13 COVAXIN+33 placebo=46🤦) ImageImage
2. Vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID19+ve

● B.1.617.2 (Delta): 65·2% (33·1–83·0) w/ 50 cases (13 COVAXIN, 37 placebo)

● B.1.617.1 (Kappa): 90·1% (30·4–99·8) w/ 11 cases (1 COVAXIN, 10 placebo)

3. Total 79 variants (VOIs or VOCs) detected in 130 cases analyzed for Image
Read 21 tweets
Jul 2, 2021
Based on recommendations from NTAGI, @MoHFW_INDIA on 2 July 2021 approved the vaccination of pregnant women against COVID-19.

Decision allows pregnant women to make an informed choice on taking COVID vaccination.

Decision communicated to the states/UTs.
pib.gov.in/PressReleasePa…
FAQ by @MoHFW_INDIA circulated among designated health practitioners before approval to allow COVID19 vaccination in pregnant women.

NTAGI had recommended studies to monitor safety of COVID19 vaccine in pregnant to be put in place immediately. Any update?
@MoHFW_INDIA says that pregnant woman opting for vaccination can get COVID19 vaccinated available in India any time during pregnancy.🤦‍♀️

(Not all vaccines have same safety profile. NTAGI had noted concerns along w/ recommendation to allow COVID19 vaccination for pregnant).
Read 6 tweets
Jul 2, 2021
Should Indians be concerned about commercial COVAXIN deals by @BharatBiotech?

@ICMRDELHI & @BharatBiotech have MoU on COVAXIN and also share Intellectual Property rights.

ICMR gets 5% on net sales of COVAXIN as royalty from BBIL.

Partial COVAXIN trials & mfg support from
Indian govt.

Not to forget super-extraordinary regulatory authorization to COVAXIN w/o Phase 3 trial data that allowed BBIL to opened door for early sales of COVAXIN in India & some other nations.

During early days, COVAXIN consignments only had BBIL's logo but not of ICMR.
However, there're COVAXIN consignments featuring logos of both developers, ICMR & BBIL, from March.

Commercial supply of 2 lakh COVAXIN doses to Mauritius on 19 March had logos of ICMR & BBIL w/ sign of #VaccineMaitri by Indian govt.

Was ICMR logo because of int'l shipment? No.
Read 8 tweets
Jul 1, 2021
What do we know about ZyCoV-D, a plasmid DNA vaccine candidate against symptomatic COVID19 by Zydus Cadila? Thread.

1. Results of pre-clinical studies on animals before July 2020 put in public domain in 2021:
biorxiv.org/content/10.110… 26 Jan 2021
biorxiv.org/content/10.110… 3 Feb 2021
2. Permission granted by DCGI on 2 Jun 2021 to initiate human trials adaptive Phases I & II.

Safety profile of 7 days after 1st dose of ZyCoV-D needed to be reviewed by DSMB & CDSCO before go ahead for Phase 2.

Some issues w/ these permissions are:
a) ZyCoV-D needs 3 doses for
completion (at day 0, day 28, day 56).

b) Vaccine candidate platform/tech is new for humans. 7 days for such a new vaccine candidate is too short period for monitoring. SAEs could occur based on dosages as well & some type of events may take longer to manifest.

c) Phase I trial
Read 26 tweets
May 24, 2021
A short note on dosing regimen of COVISHIELD for complete vaccination.

We've 3 different set of trials:

1. UK/Brazil trials
This trial was open-label, w/ scandalous error in dosing regimen ("half-dose" error), had multiple major amendments in protocol when trial was undergoing Image
w/ minimum gap b/w 2 doses set to be 4 weeks.

COVISHIELD was initially supposed to be a single dose vaccine, but in middle of trial they realized that booster dose was required for higher efficacy compared to just single dose.

In the process, due to mfg/supply delay, intended Image
interval of 4 weeks was not achieved & got prolonged.

Attached are intended & extrapolated sub-group analysis that was carried out by PIs as part of protocol, w/ different dosing levels & intervals.

*extrapolated analyses were not part of protocol hypothesis but in response to ImageImage
Read 17 tweets
Mar 18, 2021
Pause of AZD1222 vaccine by some EU countries (Germany, Denmark, etc.) when UK has not raised any concerns, is relevant for India because > 85% of vaccine currently being admin in India is COVISHIELD (SII's AZD1222).

Thread on safety data from MHRA,UK

\1
Up to 28 Feb 2021:

1st doses of COVID19 vaccines administered by UK

- 10.7 million of BNT162b2

- 9.7 million of AZD1222

& ~ 0.8 million 2nd doses mostly of BNT162b2.

AEFIs reported via Yellow card:

- 94809 of BNT162b2

- 201622 of AZD1222

- 843 unspecified

\2 Image
Up to Feb 28, 2021 in UK:

~10.1 million received Pfizer/BioNTech's mRNA vaccine, whereas 9.7 million received AZ/Oxford vaccine

Deaths reported via Yellow card:

- 251* of BNT162b2

- 275* of AZD1222

- 6 unspecified

% of deaths in vaccine recipients: AZD1222 > BNT162b2

\3 ImageImageImage
Read 24 tweets

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