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𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀡𑀷𑁆 🇮🇳

@tskrishnan

Jun 29

One of the most abused subjects (especially of D stocks) is the granting of Brahmadeya / Chaturvedi Mangalam to Brahmins by Cholas. Cholas were called names because of these grants. The fact is such grants have been in vogue since Sangam times and Pandyas & Cheras were the forerunners for granting the Brahmadeyas. These grants were twisted as if they were given free and the Brahmins enjoyed the privilege without paying any tax. There is also another fake theory that only Brahmins lived in Brahmadeyas. Is this true? What is the way Brahmadeyas are structured. Let us analyse this using one of the large Bramadeyas given by Cholas which was documented in Karandai copper plates (1020 CE).

Karandai plates mention about creating a Chaturvedi Mangalam called as Tribhuvanamadevi Chaturvedi Mangalam by combining 51 villages and the land was given to 1080 brahmins. This means an average of 21 brahmins get the land in a village where approximately some thousand people live.

The total land measured like this, which belongs to the government (அரசன் அனுபவித்துக் கொள்ளத்தக்கனவாகிய) is 3135 Veli +. Of this, 619 Veli was subtracted as they belong to common land like temples, centre of the village etc. Only the remaining land of 2516 Veli is split and given to 1080 brahmins, approx 2 Veli per person. The revenue from this land will be approximately 100 Kalam Paddy per year. Compare this with the income of those who worked in Thanjavur Brihadeeswarar temple. They range from 200 Kalam - 500 Kalam.

Even this 200 Kalam is not free of tax. The copper plates clearly mention that from the eighth year, they had to pay tax from this revenue proportionately. In the eighth year, 25% is the tax levied needs to be paid, next year 50% of the tax and subsequently complete tax needs to be paid on the revenue earned.

It is also important to note that even this staggered tax paying is only available to those brahmins who are granted land from this copper plates. Those brahmins who were living in the villages early will continue to pay the tax as before.

Hence, let us be clear that the Brahmadeya lands were NOT tax-free, and they were NOT an exclusive place where only brahmins lived.

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𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀡𑀷𑁆 🇮🇳

@tskrishnan

Jun 16

Today is the day of this historic Jambudiva declaration.

During the first week of June 1801, Marudhu Pandyas & Oomaithurai were fighting against British by opening multiple battle fronts around Kalayarkovil. Looking at the magnitude of the operations, Colonel Agnew asked for reinforcement from Chennai as he was certain that Marudhus were planning a major offensive sooner

While waiting for them, he issued a proclamation on June 12, 1801 worded with strict warnings & the usual ploy of divide and rule. He blamed Chinna Marudhu of giving protection of ‘company’s rebels’ & trying to usurp Sivaganga from the lawful heirs. He asked ‘Vellai Marudhu’- Periya Marudhu to hand over his brother immediately. He threatened ‘dreadful punishment’ of the natives if his orders are not complied with.

Unfazed, Chinna Marudha issued a counter proclamation. This was the first of its kind in the war for Indian Independence.

The proclamation was pasted in the walls of Trichy fort & in the Srirangam temple on 16th June 1801. Addressed to the people of Jambu Dwipa,Marudhu was scathing in his attack towards British. The proclamation was a remarkable document woven with data & ideals.

It clearly states that the war against British was Pan-Indian & not restricted to Tamilagam. It was attempted to get the required cooperation from the masses & also to motivate the warriors. It warned that the internal disputes & indifference would lead to handing over the power in platter to British.

Marudhu was trying to push the patriotic cause through this proclamation.

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𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀡𑀷𑁆 🇮🇳

@tskrishnan

May 31

While many are speaking about the increase in the spiritual tourism at Kanyakumari after PMs visit, it must also be noted that the temple has some very important inscriptions which are critical from the TN history perspective.

Some of the pillars, six to be precise in the Mani Mandapa houses a very important inscription which helped researchers to deduce the Chola genealogy and some of the historical events in Chola dynasty.

The six pillars have 444 lines engraved in them of which 419 are in Sanskrit written in Grantha lipi, describing the Chola lineage right from Surya/Manu, Sangam period Cholas to later Cholas. The inscription belongs to Vira Rajendra Chola who ruled between 1063-70.

The lines are almost similar to what is mentioned in the Sarala copper plates grants of the same king. The inscription starts with two prayer slokas of Siva followed by a prayer sloka of Vishnu.

“Let Bhavanipati, who has crescent moon in his head, who playfully creates, protects and destroys the world, who is the leader of speech, bless you with abundance of wealth” says the first sloka.

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𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀡𑀷𑁆 🇮🇳

@tskrishnan

May 30

Our beloved PM Shri @narendramodi ji will be meditating for three days at the Vivekananda Rock Memorial, Kanyakumari. The memorial has lot of history behind it & faced many hurdles when it was built. Let us look at the background and the struggles it has to encounter.

During one of his countrywide yatras, Swami Vivekanada met Raja of Ramanathapuram, Shri Bhaskara Sethupathi at Madurai.

Bhaskara Sethupathi lost his parents at an early age and was brought up under the tutelage of British. Despite that he grew as a staunch Sanatani and did lot of work for the Hindu cause (which can be a separate thread). Due to this, he got an invite to participate in Parliment of World’s Religions at Chicago. He came to Madurai to meet the collector regarding that. Meanwhile, he got introduced to Vivekananda by his friend Justice Subramaniya Iyer.

After interacting with Vivekananda, Sethupathi felt Swami is the right person to attend the conference at Chicago and requested him to do so. Vivekananda informed him that he will decide about it at the end of his Yatra and left for Kanyakumari.

At Kanyakumari, there is a rock bit away from the mainland. It is said that Devi Bhagavathi (Kanyakumari Amman) did penance in this rock. Devi’s Sri Padams (footprints) are also there in the rock. Hence Hindus revered this rock.

On hearing this, Vivekananda swam across the rough sea, reached the rock and meditated for three days. After returning from Kanyakumari, he informed Sethupathi that he will attend the Parliament of World’s religions at Chicago. Sethupathi made the required arrangements. Swami’s speech at Chicago is history.

On returning from US, Swami Vivekananda went to Pamban. Bhaskara Sethupathi received him with full honours and installed a slab at that place. The golden words from Upanishads, ‘Satyameva Jayate’ was inscribed in the slab, which had later become the slogan of Indian Governament after it got the independence. Fast forward 1962….

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𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀡𑀷𑁆 🇮🇳

@tskrishnan

May 21

On the eve of Narasimha Jayanthi, here is some of the ancient Narasimhas from various parts of Bharath

Standing Narasimha from the Udayagiri caves, belonging to the Gupta period (4th century) and one of the oldest Narasimhas in the rock cut temple.

Narasimha from Gupta period (6th century). As if HE is waiting for Hiranya to break open the pillar

Narasimha from the later Gupta period (6th century) blessing Prahalada

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𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀡𑀷𑁆 🇮🇳

@tskrishnan

May 4

தமிழர்களின் திருமண முறை

தமிழர்களின் திருமண முறைகளைப் பற்றி வழக்கம்போல பல்வேறு விதமான திரிபுகள், அதிலும் தாலியைப் பற்றி ஏதோ வடக்கிலிருந்து வந்தது என்றெல்லாம் சொல்கிறார்கள். நம் நாட்டில் இது போன்ற சடங்குகளைப் பொருத்தவரை பல முறைகள் அவரவர் சம்பிரதாயப்படி இருந்தாலும், அவற்றின் அடிப்படை ஒன்றுதான் என்பதே உண்மை. சங்க இலக்கியங்கள் திருமணம் பற்றிச் சொல்வதென்ன?

திருமணத்திற்கு நாள் குறிப்பதற்கு முன் இப்போது போலவே ஜோதிடம் பார்த்து நாள் குறித்தனர்.

கோள் கால் நீங்கிய கொடு வெண் திங்கள்
கேடு இல் விழுப் புகழ் நாள் தலைவந்தென (அகம் 86)

நல்ல கோள்கள் சேர்ந்திருக்கவேண்டும், வளர்பிறையாக இருக்கவேண்டும், ரோகிணி நட்சத்திரம் மிகவும் நல்ல நாளாகக் கருதப்பட்டது

திங்கட் சகடம் மண்டிய துகள் தீர் கூட்டத்து
கடி நகர் புனைந்து, கடவுட் பேணி (அகம் 136)

அந்த நாளில் மணப்பந்தல் வைத்து கடவுளை வணங்கி திருமணம் நடத்தப்பட்டதாம்.

திருமணத்திற்கு முன்னால் பரிசம் கொடுப்பது மணமகனின் வழக்கம்.

நலம்சால் விழுப் பொருள் கலம் நிறை கொடுப்பினும்
பெறல் அருங் குரையள் ஆயின், அறம் தெரிந்து (அகம் 280)

எவ்வளவு பொருளைப் பரிசமாகக் கொடுத்தாலும் இவளை அடைய முடியுமா என்கிறானாம் ஒருவன். கன்யாசுல்கம் என்ற இந்த வழக்கம் அண்மைக்காலம் வரை நம் நாட்டின் எல்லாப் பகுதிகளிலிரும் இருந்தது என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

திருமணத்திற்கு முன் நிச்சயதார்த்தம் நடத்தி அதை முறைப்படி அறிவிக்கும் நிகழ்வும் பண்டைக்காலத்தில் இருந்தது.

நனை விளை நறவின் தேறல் மாந்தி,
புனை வினை நல் இல் தரு மணல் குவைஇ,
''பொம்மல் ஓதி எம் மகள் மணன்'' என,
வதுவை அயர்ந்தனர் நமரே (அகம் 221)

என்று மண அறிவுப்புச் செய்தமையை தோழி ஒருவள் கூறுகிறாள். வதுவை என்றால் திருமணம்.

திருமணம் இன்று போலவே அக்னி சாட்சியாக, ஹோமத்தீயின் முன்னால் செய்யப்பட்டது. இதை

தெறல் அருங் கடவுள் முன்னர்த் தேற்றி,
மெல் இறை முன்கை பற்றிய சொல் இறந்து,
ஆர்வ நெஞ்சம் தலைத்தலை சிறப்ப (அகம் 396)

தெறல் அருங் கடவுளான அக்கினியின் முன்னால் கையைப் பற்றி உன்னைப் பிரியமாட்டேன் என்று மணமகன் உறுதிமொழி கூறியதாக இந்தப் பாடல் சொல்கிறது. சிலப்பதிகாரமும்

மாமுது பார்ப்பான் மறை வழி காட்டிடத் தீவலம் வந்து

என்று வேதங்களை ஓதி நெருப்பை வலம் வந்து திருமணம் நடந்ததாகவே கூறுகிறது.

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