Frederik Christopher Gieschen Profile picture
Apr 26, 2021 33 tweets 9 min read Read on X
Some additional resources to @B3_MillerValue's recent profile

"I’m just trying to understand the present."

"supercharged his personal bet on AMZN during the financial crisis, loading up on call options as the stock plunged"
barrons.com/amp/articles/h…
On Bitcoin
"It’s Economics 101. The supply grew 2.5% last year; it’s growing 2% this year. Is demand growing faster or slower than 2%? It’s that asymmetry between supply and demand that is leading to what’s going on."
Here is a profile from 2001, when Miller had just beaten the S&P ten years in a row.

Stocks were falling, Miller was buying:
"If you want to boil down everything we do, it's this: The guy with the lowest average cost wins."

archive.fortune.com/magazines/fort… Image
Started early: "barely 9 years old...His father "bought a few stocks."

"He said, if you own this thing, and it goes up, you make 25 cents."
As a teenager, he bought his first investment book, How I Made $2 Million in the Market, by a dancer-turned-speculator. Image
Not your average value manager:

Many value managers, Miller says, "sound like Old Testament prophets," speaking as if their approach to investing "corresponds to some deep structure in the way the world works." Miller wants to be less "theological"
"Willingness to look wherever the values appear" led him to tech in mid-1990s

'Tech was more predictable than Buffett believed. Microsoft and Intel had achieved total dominance. There were "winner-takes-all markets" he concluded. The key was to identify the future monopolists.' Image
"Dell could be the Wal-Mart of the PC industry. It had a sustainable competitive advantage, and the market didn't understand it."

Even as Dell's P/E rose above 70, Miller held the bulk of his stake, watching as it ballooned to $1 billion. Image
"So long as Dell is generating superior returns on capital and its superior business model is intact, I won't sell"
AOL was down 60%.
"People were telling us that it was a massively stupid thing to do."

He thought AOL had a strong chance of becoming a monopoly with already 50% of US consumers. "There wasn't a chance in the world anybody else" could catch up.

"We made 50 times our money." Image
Met 'Amazon execs' at Santa Fe Institute in 1999.

Amazon "has incredible economies of scale, which will eventually become apparent. It doesn't have to keep inventory in stores, which is hugely expensive. So its cost of operations is much lower."
Bought from $80 all the way down, 15% stake.
"We were clearly wrong in buying when we did."

'If he's wrong, it will be the most public failure of his career.'

"If we're right, we think we'll make 50 times our money over ten years." Image
"Amazon symbolizes what people hate about the Internet: a young man like Bezos making a billion dollars, these companies losing vast amounts of money."

The challenge for investors is to set aside "preconceived notions" and focus on "the long-term reality, not the perception."
Extremely competitive about his track record:
"Every day he's staring at the screen saying, 'Goddamn it. A minute ago I was 20 basis points ahead, now I'm 20 behind."
"There's a very reasonable chance that it's pure luck going on here," he says. "One can't conclude anything about my record before it's over."

"If we were to have some spectacular flameout, it could easily wipe out the entire record."
His open-mindedness and willingness to go against the grain stand out. Both in tech and when there was blood in the street - buying stocks on the way down.
Careful with that in the case of highly leveraged companies, particularly financials.

"If we were to have some spectacular flameout, it could easily wipe out the entire record."

brontecapital.blogspot.com/2017/01/when-d…
Miller in 1987, bullish after the crash:
"Investors systematically misperceive the risk in financial markets"
More from 1997-2001:
"I'll easily trade no rate of return in the near term for higher confidence that a stock will outperform in the long term"
"Mr Miller has insisted he can indeed be both a card-carrying value investor and a holder of tech stocks including AOL and Amazon"
Swapped Amazon stock for converts:
"Issues surrounding Amazon's financial condition reflect either poor understanding or overly pessimistic assumptions about ecommerce growth"
"When people say it's time to buy growth or time to buy value, that just makes it easier to ignore the complexities of the market"
"Value is not a static concept. Value of good, growing companies rises."

"The key to Amazon's future is the potential return on its invested capital"
Link to his old fund letters:
"Most value funds have minimal tech exposure. Sometimes the reason is valuation More often, a lack of familiarity or an unwillingness to try and analyze what appears to be a complex group."
"I've been on the top and I've been on the bottom," the 64-year-old Mr. Miller says. "And the top is better."

Amid the stress, Mr. Miller gained 40 pounds, couldn't sleep for more than a couple of hours at a time and suffered through many other changes. Image
2005 meeting with Ben Bernanke. In their discussion about the U.S. economy, Mr. Miller says he was told: "Look, the job of the Fed is to prevent the worst case from happening. We think we know how to do that." A spokeswoman for Mr. Bernanke says he doesn't recall the meeting.
If there was a big drop somewhere, he got out of bed, put on pants and usually a Santa Fe Institute T-shirt, went downstairs to his home office, and began the workday in the middle of the night.

"It is relatively hard to get back to sleep when everything is falling apart."
"True to form, he sold the yacht in 2009 to plow more money into the pummeled stock market. He says he had spent only about two weeks on "Utopia," which he bought mostly for his wife. They are now divorced."
Mr. Miller also hired a consultant to analyze trading patterns in Value Trust and Opportunity Trust for ideas on improving performance in another crisis. The consultant recommended waiting for signs of a turnaround before swooping in to buy a battered stock.
Santa Fe Institute, where he is chairman emeritus and one of the largest donors. A visit here in the mid-1990s helped persuade Mr. Miller to load up on technology stocks.

"You don't come here to get an answer to something. You come here to understand things in a different way."
"Chip" Mason, the Legg Mason co-founder who hired Miller in 1981, recalls his confidence AOL in the mid-1990s when the browser kept crashing.

"What are you doing with AOL? It may just evaporate. The system may just explode."
Mr. Miller replied: "Oh no, the system will be fine. I bought some more today." He reasoned that the crashes happening as users tried to log on were a sign of AOL's popularity.
Bitcoin in 2014:
"Mr. Miller says he made "not an insubstantial investment" of his own money in bitcoin, calling the virtual currency an "interesting intellectual and technological experiment."

He bought after Mt. Gox tumbled into bankruptcy."
2014 WSJ article: 'Mutual-Fund King Bill Miller Makes Comeback'

wsj.com/amp/articles/m…

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More from @NeckarValue

Oct 25, 2023
What are your favorite pieces with reflections on investment success and failure or lessons from decades in markets?

A few that come to mind:
Mark Sellers: So You Want To Be The Next Warren Buffett? How is Your Writing?

"If your competitors know your secret and yet still can't copy it, that's a structural advantage. That's a moat."

"Trait #1 is the ability to buy stocks while others are panicking and sell stocks while others are euphoric.

When 1999 comes around and the market is going up almost every day, you can't bring yourself to sell because if you do, you may fall behind your peers."
Read 11 tweets
Sep 29, 2023
Very interesting new paper by @mjmauboussin on the corporate lifecycle.

Rather than go by age or size, the framework ties life cycle to cash flows.

Stages: Introduction > Growth > Maturity > Shake-out >Decline.

Roughly: Investing -> returning capital -> liquidating assets.
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Unexpected:
"We expected low or negative spreads between ROIC and WACC for companies newly listed, rising spreads as they mature, a decline in senescence.

What we found was nearly the opposite. The spread at the date of the IPO was high and narrowed before stabilizing."
Image
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Companies going public (selling equity to new investors) when return on capital looks most attractive (and is about to decline)?

Returns to shareholders on the other hand were most attractive for more mature companies.
Image
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Read 6 tweets
Jun 9, 2023
Druckenmiller: "I am so tired of being a bear, and being labeled a bear."

But: Liquidity ⬇️
"Since it's taken so long, the Fed has ended up with a higher terminal rate. Inflation gets stickier the longer its in the system. That increases the probability of a hard landing." Image
"We always short the same way. ... I try and think of a situation 12 to 18 months from now and if I think the security prices are going to be less, I short.

Frankly, I'm not sure I've ever made money in shorts. I like it. It's fun, but you can get your head handed to you."
"When I was at Soros, I shorted $200 million worth of Internet stocks in March of 99. And in three weeks covered them at a $600 million loss. I lost $600 million on a $200 million investment in three weeks.

I was short 12 stocks. They all went bankrupt Every one of them."
Read 6 tweets
Jun 8, 2023
ROIC and margins for companies with different moats by @mjmauboussin ImageImage
"A company creates value when its ROIC is in excess of cost of capital. Stated differently, it makes a dollar worth of investment worth more than a dollar in market value.

The market broadly appreciates this, especially when growth is considered as an additional variable."
"Markets are akin to an ecosystem where investors fill various niches. Investors with a short-term horizon tend to focus on near-term metrics such as sales and earnings.

Investors with a long-term horizon focus on competitive advantage and the size of the market opportunity."
Read 5 tweets
May 24, 2023
Like other great investors, Sam Zell used content as a form of leverage. His "guide to the risky art of resurrecting dead properties" earned him his nickname, the Grave Dancer. Image
"Some might see buying and creating value from others’ mistakes as a form of exploitation, but I see it as giving neglected or devalued assets new life.

Often in my career I’ve been the only bidder for them—the last chance for a resurrection."
"I’m not claiming to be altruistic— just optimistic, and confident that I can turn those assets around.

That, in my definition, is an entrepreneur. Someone who doesn’t just see the problems but also sees the solutions—the opportunities."
Read 10 tweets
May 9, 2023
Druckenmiller keynote on debt, entitlements, and the dollar.

"The Fed can’t save us."
"The demographic storm is just getting under way." ImageImage
"In 20 or 30 years there will be fewer young workers, many more seniors that need support… and the starting point is the highest national debt in our history."
"Booming economies in 2018 and 2022 never had worse fiscal results. Unless something changes, this Bipartisan “Ratcheting effect” will continue." Image
Read 6 tweets

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