Our report shows a looming mismatch between the world’s strengthened climate ambitions & the availability of critical minerals that are essential to realising those ambitions
Governments need to act now & act together to reduce the risks of price volatility & supply disruptions
Production & processing of many minerals – such as nickel, cobalt & rare earths – are concentrated in a handful of countries. In some cases, the top 3 producers generate over 75% of supplies.
Producers need to meet stricter environmental & social standards.
The challenges are not insurmountable, & critical minerals don’t undermine the case for clean energy.
Though mineral extraction is relatively emissions-intensive, the lifecycle emissions of EVs today are about 1/2 those of a traditional car & only 1/4 with clean electricity.
The @IEA is committed to helping governments ensure that mineral supplies don’t hinder global clean energy transitions.
For this report, we set up a unique database of future mineral requirements in varying scenarios. And we're providing 6 key recommendations for policy makers.
To learn more, explore the findings of this free report on our website ➡️ iea.li/3ef1vrw
And join IEA Head of Energy Supply and Investment @tgouldao, report lead author @tae100 & me for the live launch event at 11am CEST ➡️ iea.li/3egk6TV
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@IEA Batteries aren't just for powering your smartphone
In 2016, the energy sector accounted for around 50% of global demand for batteries, about the same share as electronic devices
By 2023, energy's share had risen above 90% - in a market 10 times the size: iea.li/3Jz7WEx
@IEA Thanks to the rapid decline of battery costs – 90% since 2010 – they're speeding up opportunities to cut emissions in road transport & electricity
In 2023:
Electric car sales rose to a record of almost 14 million
Battery storage deployment in the power sector more than doubled
@IEA Electric cars' growth this year builds on a record-breaking 2023, when sales soared by 35% to almost 14 million
Demand was largely concentrated in China, Europe & the US, but momentum is picking up in key emerging markets such as Viet Nam & Thailand ➡️ iea.li/3xNUUk0
@IEA Despite near-term challenges in some countries, new @IEA analysis sees the global electric car market gearing up for the next phase of growth
Under today's policy settings, nearly 1 in 3 cars on China's roads by 2030 is set to be electric & almost 1 in 5 in the US & EU
In the last 10 years, the CO2 intensity of global GDP has fallen 20%, thanks to both the improvement in energy efficiency and the decline in emissions intensity of global energy supply.
CO2 growth is therefore increasingly decoupling from GDP growth.
The transformation of the world's power sector means clean sources are set to meet all the increase in global electricity demand in the next 3 years
This is mainly thanks to renewables' huge growth but also nuclear's rebound to a historic high in 2025 ➡️ iea.li/3OdHAe2
Global electricity demand is set to grow strongly in the years ahead
Most demand growth is in emerging economies, led by China, India & Southeast Asia - but EVs, heat pumps & data centres are pushing up electricity use in advanced economies as well
Growing low-emissions sources, led by solar, puts them on track to account for almost half of global electricity generation by 2026, up from just under 40% in 2023
This pushes power sector emissions into structural decline in the coming years
Our new Renewables report is the 1st part of @IEA’s follow-up work on the energy outcomes of COP28 that will continue through 2024 & beyond
It provides detailed country-level analysis & a new online tool to track progress towards the goal of tripling renewables to over 11,000 GW
@IEA Many countries saw strong growth in renewables in 2023, but China once again led the way. It installed as much solar PV last year as the entire world did in 2022.
The US, EU & Brazil also hit all-time highs, with solar the driving force
Today, the oil & gas industry invests about 2.5% of its total capital spending in clean energy
If oil & gas producers want to play their full part in meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement, our report shows that 50% of their investments should be going to clean energy by 2030
Continuing with business-as-usual for oil & gas while hoping a vast deployment of carbon capture will cut the emissions is fantasy
It would mean an implausibly large amount of carbon capture, requiring a huge leap in annual investment from $4 billion last year to $3.5 trillion!