Sara Charles Profile picture
May 10, 2021 21 tweets 9 min read Read on X
I want some alum-tawed thongs for a bookbinding project. Does a search on the internet help? It does not (unless I want a whole animal skin for £££). But I DO have a sheep skin that I salted from last year. So I’m going to make my own #teachingmanuscripts Image
I cut off some strips from the bottom of the skin and give it a bit of a haircut Image
I need to rinse all the salt out first in water. I got this skin last October and salted it straight away. It’s been stored all winter in an airtight container, and it looks pretty good 👍 Image
Once the salt is all rinsed off, the fluffy wig goes in the lime bath. This will break down the hair so that it slips off easily. I’ll stir a few times a day ImageImage
You might think this is disgusting but it’s actually very satisfying. The lime is starting to work and the hair pulls out easily from the skin
Peeling off all the wool (I SHOULD NOT be doing this with bare hands). You can also hear nice birdsong and a conversation with Gabriel
I just want to clarify that I am not referring to myself in that video as Gabriel’s mummy - I am referring to his real life cat mummy Image
Then the lime needs to be washed off and any extraneous matter scraped off ImageImage
I’m not going to talk about this next stage. Suffice to say I have been to the depths of hell. We shall never mention the contents of this orange bucket Image
The act of unspeakableness is over. Now the skin needs to be 'drenched' in bran with warm water for 18 - 24 hours Image
So something interesting (bad) happened. Because I did not want to go near the bucket of filth in the previous step, I left the strips in there for about 24 hours, rather than getting in the bucket and treading it for a few hours, which is the traditional method
Left to their own devices the enzymes did too good a job of breaking down the fibres and the whole skin started to disintegrate. While it in was the bran mix, I could actually pull it apart. So I started again - but this time,for the sake of my mental health, I used chicken waste Image
Luckily, @MaureenSams has the finest chickens known to humanity and supplied me with a nice bucket of fresh chicken droppings Image
So if there’s one piece of advice I can give you, should you decide to make alum tawed leather the medieval way (and for god’s sake, why would you) - use chicken droppings. It’s a positively fragrant experience compared to the other alternative Image
Anyway - I swished it about for about an hour, then soaked it in the bran for day. It was very soft, but still strong. Next, time to mix the alum solution. Alum, salt, egg yolk, flour and water ImageImage
I’m going to leave it in here for a few days. After an hour or so, the skin started to feel harder, which feels counter-intuitive after going through the steps to soften it, but that’s what it’s supposed to do Image
It’s been soaking for a week now, so I’ve taken the skin out and suspended it in a very sinister fashion to
a) deter burglars
and
b) air dry
It should get very tough and inflexible during the drying process, and then will need to be ‘staked’ to resoften it Image
It's been drying for just over a week now, and it's quite tough - but becomes much more flexible with a bit of manipulation. I'll probably leave it for a few more days and then try to soften it ImageImage
So as you can see, once it’s dried out it’s quite stiff, but after a lot of stretching and pulling it softened up nicely. It smelt very strongly of roast lamb 😕 ImageImage
And now I have my alum-tawed thongs! #bookbinding #teachingmanuscripts ImageImageImage

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More from @sarajcharles

Oct 12, 2022
Inspired by Christopher de Hamel and in the interests of furthering manuscript research, I decided to see what parchment does indeed taste like #teachingmanuscripts
I'm not allowed to use a real medieval manuscript, so I used a small strip of goat parchment that I made myself A small piece of parchment A goatskin stretched on a p...
I chewed. The texture was rubbery. The taste was uninspiring. I got a very, very tiny olfactory tingle in the back of the throat, like when you eat goats cheese but on a much lesser scale
Read 5 tweets
Aug 14, 2022
Making a medieval paintbrush. It's quite easy! #teachingmanuscripts #medievalstuffwithcats Brother Rufillus seated on a bench, holding a paintbrush in
Like everything to do with medieval manuscript production, you have to make or source it yourself - no trips to local art stores for ready-made supplies. So how did they make paintbrushes? Animal hair (as today) was considered the best type of brush Woman seated at an easel painting the Virgin Mary and child.
Theophilus in his twelfth-century treatise, On Diverse Arts, mentions that paintbrushes can be made from the tail of a martin, badger, squirrel, or cat or from the mane of a donkey (bk 2, ch. 17).
Hmmm - I do have plenty of cats ... this is just a small sample Three cats sitting in a shaded garden. One is a ragdoll, two
Read 19 tweets
Mar 29, 2022
Let's make some medieval lye (la lye, lye la lye la lye la lye 🎵). Lye is also known as potash or lixivium. It's a strong alkali and the basic ingredient of soap. Yes, the medievals washed! #teachingmanuscripts #medievalpigments Morgan Collection, MS M.638...
Lye is completely natural and once again nature is completely AMAZING. A big lovely tree sucks up all the nutrients from the soil through its roots (including potassium). Big lovely tree gets cut down and used for firewood 🙁 Royal ms 10 E IV, fol. 100v...
The wood all burns away and leaves nothing but ashes. BUT - the ashes contain lots of alkali-rich things like potassium and calcium carbonate. You know what's good for getting things clean? Alkali-rich things! (The word alkali comes from the Arabic al-qaly, which means ashes) BL, Harley MS 4751, fol. 45...
Read 16 tweets
Apr 6, 2021
Time to smash some lapis! #teachingmanuscripts ImageImage
Make sure your pestle is wearing a pretty skirt when grinding the smaller chunks, otherwise you’ll lose some lapis ImageImage
Separating the impurities before grinding any finer 😩 Image
Read 16 tweets
Jun 5, 2020
Tyrian (or imperial) purple was by far the most superior colour in the ancient and medieval world, but is very expensive. Mohammed Ghassen Nouira makes Tyrian purple using traditional Phoenician methods, with fantastic results. I hope to work with him soon facebook.com/Pourpre-de-Car…
Orchil purple, obtained from lichens, was a cheaper alternative, and probably used in the Book of Kells. However, it is hard to source and ecologically unwise to do so. Isabella Whitworth has done a lot of work on dyeing textiles with orchil isabellawhitworth.com/2013/09/17/tal…
Read 17 tweets
Jan 19, 2020
It’s time for more #medievalstuffwithcats! I made this zodiac illumination. If you want to know a bit more about the process, read on… ImageImage
The zodiac roundels come from the calendar in British Library, Royal MS 1 D X bl.uk/manuscripts/Vi… (note that some of the roundels are not exactly round) ImageImage
I decided to do this illumination because I want to start working on larger pieces of parchment. I used 8” x 10” (a bit smaller than A4). This feels like a decent size for a folio, although if we were working in a scriptorium this would be double the size and folded in the centre Image
Read 23 tweets

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