1/ It's a grim day in Israel/Palestine and more grim days are to come. In this moment we need to find new pasts that would make different futures possible.
And we can start where it all started this time, in Arab Sheikh Jarrah and its Jewish connection.
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THREAD
2/ Sheikh Jarrah was a Palestinian upper class neighbourhood developed since the 1860s. It also housed the cave-tomb associated with ancient priest Shimon ha-Tsadik, Simeon the Just, a site of Jewish pilgrimage since the middle ages, purchased by the chief rabbi in 1876.
3/ The annual celebration of Simon ha-Tsadik took place in Lag ba-Omer (late April/early May). It was the largest Jewish public celebration in 19th-early 20th century Jerusalem, of Sephardim and Asheknazim, known in Arabic as "'Shathat al-yahudiyya", the festival of the Jews.
4/ Gad Frumkin (b. Jerusalem 1887) describes his Belarus-born father enjoying the festival smoking the hookah, while kids play on swings and watch the entertainers with dancing bears; eating "Hamla Malana" (grilled green chick peas), Ashkenazi egg cakes and Sephardic Burek.
5/ But it wasn't just Jews - the entire city came out to enjoy the spring festivities. Here in the memoirs of Wasif Jawyhariyya, Christian Palestinian Jerusalemite, an oud musician. "Everyone spent the entire day singing songs... I never wasted an opportunity to be among them".
6/ The modern history of Sheikh Jarrah has everything from coexistence to ethnic cleansing:
Shared celebration of a Jewish festival in which everyone joins; A Muslim neighbour sending his child to the Jewish school of Hakham Gershon (from Menachem Klein, Lives in Common);
7/ Jews forced out of the neighbourhood in 1948 as fighting escalates; Zionist forces occupy it driving Palestinians out (but only temporarily, before it was reoccupied by Jordanian forces);
8/ Palestinian attack on a Jewish supplies convoy to Mt Scopus hospital - killing 78 poeple, mostly medical staff. It was in retaliation to the Deir Yassin Massacre, which happened four days earlier, in which Irgun militants killed 107 villagers, mostly women and children.
9/ Recently: Jewish settlers, backed by the state, using pre-48 claims to drive out Palestinian refugee families, who cannot make similar claims regarding their own lost properties in Israel; weekly solidarity demonstrations of Israeli Jews and Palestinians against evictions.
10/ So no, what is happening now in Sheikh Jarrah is not about "ancient hatreds", or a clash of civilisations, or some unresolvable cultural differences. No, it's about a very modern conflict, the legacy of the 20th century. It's about power and inequality.
11/ So the question for us, which parts of Sheikh Jarrah's history we want to remember, and for what future? A future of Jewish settlement, dispossession, and discrimination, or a future of living together, as we try to redress the cumulative trauma and injustice.
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1/ Something about narratives:
For Jewish Israelis, the images of riots from "mixed towns" resonate with the Israeli narrative of 1948, which is about inter-communal strife, siege, and a sense of existential threat. Bear with me.
2/ This narrative will shock those who are familiar with the history of the 1948 Nakba, in which 750k Palestinians were made refugees and denied return, and their land and property taken away from them.
3/ But the Israeli narrative is not a fabrication. Rather, it highlights specific moments - January to March 1948 - the early months in which there was no clear Zionist advantage, and indeed the experience was of siege, strife, and lack of clarity on the eventual outcome.
1/ The thing about al-Aqsa/Temple Mount is that it's the most important place in Palestine/Israel, and its in Palestinian hands.
Israeli police can storm it, take the keys, lock the doors, beat up or shoot people. All this doesn't change the fact that it's in Palestinian hands.
2/ Palestinian effective sovereignty in al-Aqsa is not due to diplomatic negotiations, or international law, or armed struggle (although all these played a role in defending it).
It's about moral authority.
3/ Israeli policies in the last decade threaten the status quo by effectively allowing ritual Jewish visits to the site (although nominally banned). But Israel has not dared to take over the site, and it remains in Palestinian hands, at least for now.
1/ Overall, Israeli Judaisation of Jerusalem have failed. 1970s policy (yes, explicit policy) was to keep Palestinians at 30% of the population in the municipal area, but today they are 40%.
There are a range of policy responses to the bi-national reality:
2/ Integration (aka "Israelisation") - in education, employment, commerce and leisure. This is happening inevitably given that the Wall disconnected East Jerusalem from the West Bank, but there are attempts to encourage it.
But there's a very clear ceiling to this policy.
3/ Israel does not want 350k East Jerusalemites to become Israeli citizens. Citizenship applications are processed slowly and half are denied. Most Palestinians do not want to become Israeli citizens but even if they did, Israel would clearly try to prevent that.
1/ This is well worth a read.
I agree completely that the "trope-ification" of the antisemitism discussion ad absurdum is unhelpful and even harmful. Antisemitism is about threatening or denying rights from Jews, and this should be the focus.
2/ This appears to me unrelated to the question of how serious the threat of antisemitism is in the US. As an observer from afar, the normalisation of antisemitism in sections of the GOP appears to me a very serious development.
3/ The reference to an (unlikely) "American Auschwitz" is unhelpful. Auschwitz is an anomaly in the history of antisemitism; not the norm. A more likely risk is, say, Argentina: the rise of authoritarian right wing, full of hatred to the "wrong Jews".
2/ I am deeply saddened by these news. @PearsFoundation funded my own position at SOAS between 2011 and 2014, and supported several other Israel Studies projects I was involved with. I found them supportive and professional, and had excellent and warm relations with them.
3/ The Foundation’s ethos at the time was to support academic research and teaching on difficult and challenging issues, to contribute to an informed and well-reasoned public debate. They repeatedly stressed their commitment to academic independence.
1/ Do you know who’s afraid of the Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism (JDA)? Professor David Miller from Bristol. He knew it was coming, from rumours; and he railed against it in his infamous 15 FEB talk. In fact, this was his main point (5:30)
2/ “… the Zionists are already planning their alternative to the IHRA. It’s called the Jerusalem Declaration, and it will be announced shortly, at a time of their choosing, when the think it’s going to make the most impact and have the most effect.”
3/ “What we’ll be faced here [is] a Liberal Zionist case for suggesting that there is a serious case of antisemitism or Judeophobia in this country when there isn’t. There isn’t a serious problem. They will to get it back on the agenda. So we face a massive battle over that.”