Public Health England estimate of vax effectiveness against B.1.617.2 variant: they're not reporting vaxes separately yet. Combined data: 1 dose doesn't reach minimum effectiveness level; 2 doses it's reduced, but still high...1/2 HT @statsepi @kallmemeg assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…
...They have moderate degree of certainty in conclusion from data on 1 dose, low for 2-dose. Based on the neutralization activity they see in lab tests, "expected to remain effective against severe disease". They don't say when data will be released. 2/2 assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…
...PS: From Public Health England preprint on vax effectiveness against B.1.617.2 variant of concern, includes data on "UK" & the new variant. Based on results of 12,675: 11,621 with B.1.1.7 & 1,054 had B.1.617.2...3/n khub.net/documents/1359… HT @dylanhmorris
...2 methods of analysis: test-negative case-control & proportion of cases per variant by vax status (with the assumption if vax less effective, that variant would be a higher proportion of cases in the vaxed than the unvaxed)...4/n
...From the test-negative case-control study:

B.1.1.7 ("UK" variant now dominant there):

- 1 dose: BNT-Pfizer 49.2% (43-55), AZ 51.4% (47-55)

B.1.617.2:

- 1 dose: BNT-Pfizer 33.2% (8-51), AZ 32.9% (19-44)

...5/n
... B.1.1.7 (dominant variant there):

- 2 doses: BNT-Pfizer 93.4% (90-96), AZ 66.1% (54-75)

B.1.617.2:

- 2 doses: BNT-Pfizer 87.9% (78-93), AZ 59.8% (29-77)

Interval between doses not reported. Lots of uncertainty for 2-dose AZ & new variant

(Corrected TY @dylanhmorris)
.6/n
...The conclusion from the second method of analysis: "By vaccine type the reduction in vaccine effectiveness appeared to be greater with ChAdOx1 (OR 1.48; 95%CI 1.18-1.87) than BNT162b2 (OR 1.17; 95%CI 0.82-1.67) though confidence intervals overlapped"... 7/n
...They conclude "Nevertheless, a clear effect of both vaccines was noted with high levels of effectiveness after two doses". But the lower bound of the confidence interval for AZ 2 doses slips just below the 30% minimum set for effectiveness, so I wouldn't call that high... 8/9
...From the preprint, it turns out previous conclusion based on neutralization data isn't data from them or for either of these vaxes - they only had the Covaxin study. (I think the general experience of effectiveness being greater against severe outcomes is more compelling.) 9/9

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More from @hildabast

21 May
UK phase 3 trial of Novavax vax preprint. Later data than January press release with 62 cases of Covid-19. Now 106. Vaccine efficacy:

- Against original strain: 96.4% (74 to 99.5)
- Against B.1.1.7 ("UK") strain: 86.3% (71-94)
- Total 89.7% (80-95)

..1/n
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
...Symptomatic Covid-19 for primary endpoint (from 7 days after 2nd dose in people with no previous infection): target number for final analysis was 100.

From 14,039 people:
- 10 cases in vax vs 96 placebo;
- 0 severe illness in vax vs 5 in placebo;
- 0 deaths

...2/n
...The people in the trial were:
- 48% female
- 94.5% White
- 2.9% Asian
- 0.4% Black or African American
- 45% had a co-morbidity
...3/n
Read 10 tweets
20 May
Preprint of results for Sinovac CoronaVac phase 1/2 trial in 3-17 year-olds: 72 in phase 1, 480 in phase 2. They tested half & full doses, & immune responses were higher than they are in adults, with a very low rate of adverse reactions ...1/n papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
...Firstly, it's clear why they have gone on to do another large study in under-18s (clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04…). The children were all Han ethnicity & they want to test in other parts of the country to get more diversity...2/n
...Although their results suggest for very small children, half-dose might have been enough, it didn't seem to reduce adverse reactions. That's presumably why the next trial is only full dose...3/4
Read 4 tweets
18 May
Preliminary results of CombiVacS, the Spanish phase 2 trial of BNT-Pfizer vax at least 8 weeks after AZ announced: major boost in neutralizing antibodies - more than in other studies of 2 doses of AZ - without a higher rate of adverse reactions ...1/n english.elpais.com/society/2021-0…
...The results from @SaludISCIII are here isciii.es/Noticias/Notic…

Trial register record is here: clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04…

They're reporting immediately after Data Monitoring Board so people can get their 2nd shots ASAP - control group will now be getting a BNT-Pfizer shot...2/n
... 441 people under the age of 60 got a shot of BNT-Pfizer vaccine; the control group of 232 people had no intervention (no vax or placebo). They reported neutralizing antibodies 14 days after the shot, adverse reactions in 1st 7 days. T-cell data not yet reported ...3/n
Read 8 tweets
17 May
Press release from Sanofi & GSK: that phase 3 trial is starting in a few weeks & they hope to have their adjuvanted protein subunit Covid vaccine in use in 2021 ...1/n sanofi.com/en/media-room/…
...They say the phase 2 trial with 722 people in the US & Honduras has good results, but there's not much to go on in the press release. You can see the trial register entry in my collection of records on this vaccine: zotero.org/groups/2528572… ...2/n
...You can see more about the vaccine itself here: sanofi.com/en/our-covid-1… ...3/4
Read 4 tweets
16 May
Italy: study linking vaccine registry (began Dec 27) & Covid-19 surveillance; 7.37m vaxed people up to Apr 4, when 65% had received 1 dose of BNT-Pfizer (Comirnaty). Here you see how they compare to everyone vaxed to date (VaxZevria=AZ, Janssen=J&J)...1/n Image
...This is how many had 1 or both doses in the study, compared to whole of Italy in early May: blue = fully vaxed, maroon = 1 dose. No one has had a second dose of AZ vaccine, but most people with mRNA fully vaxed.
And here's the link to the report epicentro.iss.it/vaccini/pdf/re… ..2/n Image
..There's no control group in this study or breakdown by region/context for the pandemic, so before we look at what happened to Covid-19 diagnoses in vaccinated people, here's Covid-19 diagnoses in Italy across the same time (from Our World in Data) ourworldindata.org/coronavirus ...3/n Image
Read 8 tweets
14 May
Latest results for test-negative case-control study of Covid vax in US healthcare workers - & they get frequent testing.

March 18 data: 623 tested positive (cases) & 1,220 tested negative (controls). About a quarter Moderna vax, BNT-Pfizer the rest ...1/n cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
...You can see the protocol for this study here: cdc.gov/vaccines/covid… ...2/n
...Most of these healthcare professionals (HCPs) who got tested for Covid-19 were in roles that have substantial patient contact, most were aged 19-49, female, non-Hispanic white, underlying conditions that put them at risk if they got Covid-19 ...3/n
Read 4 tweets

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