Th1 skewed immune response of whole virion inactivated SARS CoV 2 vaccine and its safety evaluation in this case its BBV152 i.e. COVAXIN (Study done in November 2020 & published in April 2021)- sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
We report the development and evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a whole virion inactivated (WVI) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152), adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel (Algel), or TLR7/8 agonist chemisorbed Algel.
We used a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 strain and an established Vero cell platform to produce large-scale GMP-grade highly purified inactivated antigen.
Immunogenicity and safety were determined at two antigen concentrations (3μg and 6μg), with two different adjuvants, in mice, rats, and rabbits.
Our results show that BBV152 vaccine formulations generated significantly high antigen-binding and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb), at both concentrations, in all three species with excellent safety profiles.
Further, in our preclinical studies, we demonstrated that all the three inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates showed 100% seroconversion with high titers of antigen binding and neutralizing antibody responses.
Further, the adjuvanted IMDG formulation (BBV152B) showed more than 10 times higher antibody response, compared with antigen-alone (Figure 2C), thus Algel-IMDG formulation providing dose-sparing effect
Although major research is focused on spike as the target protein for SARS CoV-2 vaccine development, there is some attention being paid toward nucleocapsid protein as a target protein, due its 90% amino acid homology and stability with fewer mutations over time.
In conclusion, we believe that the ability to induce Th1-skewed immune response and the presence of conserved S and N protein in inactivated vaccine candidate formulated in Algel-IMDG would help to combat other SARS CoV-2 variants.
In our findings, we also observed high binding titers with a 100% seroconversion toward S1, RBD, and N protein.
Further, high neutralization titers and protective effectiveness of COVAXIN in hamster and non-human primate models might be attributed toward the structural integrity of the inactivated whole-virion vaccine composed of target proteins, both spike and N proteins.

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More from @NavroopSingh_

5 Jun
The Pentagon funneled $39million to a Dr Peter Daszack’s Eco Health Alliance charity that funded Wuhan lab mol.im/a/9652287
Meticulous investigation of U.S. government databases reveals that Pentagon funding for the EcoHealth Alliance from 2013 to 2020, including contracts, grants and subcontracts, was just under $39 million.
Most, $34.6 million, was from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), which is a branch of the DOD which states it is tasked to “counter and deter weapons of mass destruction and improvised threat networks.”
Read 15 tweets
5 Jun
Antibody Response after Second-dose of ChAdOx1-nCOV (CovishieldTM) and BBV-152 (CovaxinTM) among Health Care Workers in India: Final Results of Cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced Antibody Titre (COVAT) study - medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
this cross-sectional COVAT study reported an overall 95.0% (489/515) seropositivity rate after the two complete doses of both vaccines in entire cohorts that include both SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals (Covishield 98.1% and Covaxin 80.0%, respectively).
While seropositivity rates after two complete doses was 97.8% and 79.3% with Covishield and Covaxin, respectively in SARS- CoV-2 naïve individuals; 100% of cohorts with a past history of SARS-CoV-2 were seropositive after the two doses of both vaccines.
Read 15 tweets
5 Jun
Genomic characterization and Epidemiology of an emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant in Delhi, India
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
The origin of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in North India in 2021

The April 2021 outbreak in Delhi was preceded by outbreaks in the states of Kerala, Maharashtra and Punjab. While no VOC was identified in Kerala in Jan 2021, the outbreak in Maharashtra has been related to B.1.617.1.
and in Punjab to the introduction of B.1.1.7. These were found to be phylogenetically related, with a strong phylogenetic connection between Delhi and Punjab for B.1.1.7, and between Delhi and Maharashtra for B.1.617 lineages, as shown in Figure 4A and B.
Read 10 tweets
5 Jun
Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the B.1.617.2 variant
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
B.1.617.2 COVID-19 variant has contributed to the surge in cases in India and has now been detected across the globe, including a notable increase in cases in the UK. We estimate effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) & ChAdOx1 (COVIDSHIELD) COVID-19 vaccines against this variant
Effectiveness was notably lower after 1 dose of vaccine with B.1.617.2 cases 33.5% compared to B.1.1.7 cases 51.1% with similar results for both vaccines of Pfizer & AstraZeneca.
Read 4 tweets
4 Jun
Cannot leave people of Delhi in mess: HC on shortage of Covaxin
indianexpress.com/article/cities…
Delhi HC on Friday told the Centre that it “cannot leave people of Delhi in mess like this” and asked it and the Delhi Govt to find solution to the issue of shortage of Covaxin to ensure those who have received its first dose are able to get the second dose within stipulated time
You cannot leave these people in the lurch. Delhi government has said they have inoculated 1.5 lakh people. The question is that, out of 1.5 lakh, I take it 20,000-30,000 have got themselves (vaccinated) from left, right, private.
Read 5 tweets
4 Jun
Neutralising antibody activity against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs B.1.617.2 (Delta Strain) and B.1.351 (Beta) by BNT162b2 vaccination (Pfizer Vaccine) - The Lancet thelancet.com/journals/lance…
NAbTs were 5·8-fold reduced against B.1.617.2 relative to Wild-type (95% CI 5·0–6·9), significantly more reduced than against B.1.1.7 (2·6-fold vs Wild-type, 95% CI 2·2–3·1), and on a similar order to the reduction observed against B.1.351 (4·9-fold vs Wild-type, 95% CI 4·2–5·7).
While the final NAbTs against Wild-type, D614G, and B.1.1.7 remained within the quantitative range of our assay (IC50>40), two participants' NAbTs against VOCs B.1.617.2 and B.1.351 dropped below 40 on their later study visit about 3 months after their second BNT162b2 dose.
Read 16 tweets

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