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Ranjith Kollannur Profile picture
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6 Jun, 6 tweets, 3 min read
I first read about the Kalmar Union when I was in school. The idea that the entirety of Scandinavia used to be a single country, albeit briefly, was surprising - Denmark, Sweden with parts of Finland in tow, Norway with Iceland, Greenland, Faroe Islands and parts of Scotland. 1/6
It was an initiative of Queen Margrethe who was the ruler of all three Kingdoms in 1397. Though the union was stable during her rule, it started having trouble after her death in 1412. 2/2

It was during this time that the German House of Oldenburg became a regnal dynasty. During the Napoleonic period, this family's rule stretched from the north western end of Europe to the north eastern end of Asia. 3/3

But Sweden (mainly) and Norway (couple of times) broke away from the union till Sweden separated in 1523. Denmark and Norway would continue as a union till 1814. 4/6

In 1814, Norway finally broke away from Denmark, only to be joined with Sweden. But it lost its overseas holdings - Iceland, Greenland and Faroe Islands remained part of Denmark.

Sweden had lost Finland to Russia in 1809. 5/6

britannica.com/event/Treaty-o…
Finally, Norway became independent again in 1905, briefly a republic, but soon a kingdom. Finland got its independence from Russia in 1917, while Iceland became a republic in 1944. 6/6

britannica.com/biography/Haak…

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More from @Arby_K

Ranjith Kollannur Profile picture
8 Jun
Encomium Emmae reginae, written in the 11th century, perhaps at the request of Emma of Normandy, Queen of England, who sons ruled England from 1040 to 1066. 1/5

bl.uk/collection-ite…
Harthacnut, her son with King Knud of Denmark and England ruled from 1040 to 1042. 2/5

He was succeeded by Emma's son with King Æthelred of England. 3/5

Read 5 tweets
Ranjith Kollannur Profile picture
8 Jun
There was once a noble who set his sails in conquest of an island in Europe, while his King watched in worry of a new Kingdom next door.

For the noble had the blood of Normans, Rus, French and even the mighty Charlemagne, to be King in his own stead.

Story in the evening ...
Richard de Clare was born around 1130 to Gilbert de Clare and Isabel de Beaumont. The de Clares were an influential family in Norman England, descended from Geoffroy de Brionne, an illegitimate son of Duke Richard of Normandy. 1/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wi...
Gilbert's grandfather, Richard de Brionne, had come with Guillaume of Normandy in 1066 and was rewarded with the Lordship of Clare and Tonbridge. Gilbert was made Earl of Pembroke in 1138 by King Etienne de Blois, though he changed sides on and off during Anarchy. 2/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wi...
Read 11 tweets
Ranjith Kollannur Profile picture
7 Jun
Very Jenneric (Is that a word ?) leap of thought from a veterinarian relative, based on anecdotal data of low infection of Covid among vets. (Cannot verify if that is a real thing) connecting immunity to bovine coronavirus. Google popped up this. 1/3

wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26…
There has been a related study apparently and a US firm is working on therapeutics for Covid, but it is not based bovine coronavirus. 2/3

sabbiotherapeutics.com/2021/04/21/sab…
Related to the therapeutic research. 3/3

sciencemag.org/news/2020/06/c…
Read 4 tweets
Ranjith Kollannur Profile picture
4 Jun
The last legitimate child of a storied dynasty of Rome and Italy.

A formidable Queen Mother overseeing the rule of her sons in civil war and the final years of her adopted dynasty.

Story in the evening ...
Caterina de' Medici was born in 1519 to Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino and Madeleine de la Tour of Auvergne. Both her parents died in 1519, leaving her under the care of her father's uncle, Giovanni de' Medici (Pope Leo X) and Giulio de' Medici (Pope Clement VII). 1/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici#/media/
She had an illegitimate half brother, Alessandro, who would later become the Duke of Florence. She also inherited Auvergne from her aunt Anne in 1524. In 1533, she married Henri, a younger son of the French King, who became the heir to the throne in 1536. 2/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici#/media/
Read 11 tweets
Ranjith Kollannur Profile picture
1 Jun
Born to a Prince, later imprisoned and crowned,

Married to a King, deposed and killed,

A Queen who ended a war, but started another; imprisoned and ransomed by a King.

Story in the evening ...
Marguerite d'Anjou was born in 1430 to René d'Anjou, Duke of Bar, and Isabelle de Lorraine. In 1431, Isabelle and René inherited Lorraine, but Isabelle's cousin, Antoine de Vaudémont, disputed the inheritance. With the help of Burgundy, he imprisoned René at Dijon. 1/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou#/media/File:
The cousins made up in 1433, with Emperor Sigmund confirming the inheritance. René also inherited Anjou in 1434 from his brother and the next year, the Kingdom of Naples, from an heirless Queen Jeanne II. But by 1442, René was expelled from Naples by Alfonso de Castilla. 2/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_of_Anjou#/media/File
Read 11 tweets
Ranjith Kollannur Profile picture
28 May
A young hostage brought back into his homeland after the deaths of his father and elder brother, to overthrow its ruler.

A lasting legacy, fighting his former captors.

And for Underworld fans, an ally of Corvin of Transylvania. And his prisoner.

Story in the evening ...
Vlad Drăculea was born in 1431 to Vlad of Wallachia in 1431. The elder Vlad was an illegitimate son of Mircea, Voivode of Wallachia. He spend his youth in Holy Roman Emperor Sigmund's court, who inducted him into the Order of the Dragon, bringing him the cognomen Dracul. 1/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler#/media/File:V
In 1436, Vlad Dracul became the Voivode of Wallachia when his half brother, Alexandru Aldea died. Wallachia was a region near the Black Sea, at times dependent on neighbouring Kingdom of Hungary. Emperor Sigmund was also the King of Hungary till he died in 1437. 2/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mircea_the_Elder#/media/File:T
Read 11 tweets

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