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Lup Yuen Lee 李立源 Profile picture
@MisterTechBlog
Jun 24, 2021 • 34 tweets • 28 min read • Read on X
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Come join me (the "monster" 😂) as we dive deep into the #WiFi Code inside #RISCV #BL602 (the "wifi chip" 😂)

lupyuen.github.io/articles/pinec… Image
Many thanks to this hilarious (but truthful) comment on #BL602 😂

Here's the #BL602 #WiFi Firmware ... Let's find out how it connects to a WiFi Access Point

github.com/lupyuen/bl_iot… Image
#BL602 connects to #WiFi Access Point ... By notifying the WiFi Manager

github.com/lupyuen/bl_iot… Image
#BL602 #WiFi Manager runs as a Background Task ... Here's how we send requests to WiFi Manager

github.com/lupyuen/bl_iot… Image
#BL602 #WiFi Manager runs a State Machine ... That connects to the WiFi Access Point in the Background Task

github.com/lupyuen/bl_iot… Image
To connect to a #WiFi Access Point, #BL602 WiFi Manager sends a request to the Lower MAC Firmware

github.com/lupyuen/bl_iot… Image
LMAC is the Lower MAC Firmware that runs on the #BL602 Radio Hardware

ceva-dsp.com/product/rivier… Image
CEVA has an interesting list of customers

csimarket.com/stocks/markets… Image
#BL602 #WiFi Manager sends Connect Request to LMAC Firmware thru another Message Queue

github.com/lupyuen/bl_iot… Image
#BL602 #WiFi Manager talks to LMAC Firmware via Message Queue ... Let's find out how it works

ceva-dsp.com/product/rivier… Image
#BL602 #WiFi Driver talks to LMAC Firmware ... By writing to a Message Buffer and triggering an Interrupt

github.com/lupyuen/bl_iot… Image
#BL602 WiFi Driver triggers LMAC Interrupt ... By writing to Address 0x4400 0000 ... Let's see what's at 0x4400 0000

github.com/lupyuen/bl_iot… Image
But 0x4400 0000 is NOT documented in #BL602 Reference Manual! 😲 Now we know a secret ... BL602 talks to LMAC Firmware at Address 0x4400 0000 🤫

github.com/bouffalolab/bl… Image
Moving away from LMAC Firmware (since we got no code) ... Let's study the mysterious #BL602 #WiFi Library "libwifi" ... Which has been decompiled into C by BraveHeartFLOSSDev

github.com/BraveHeartFLOS… Image
#BL602 Firmware starts the #WiFi Stack ... By creating a Background Task that runs wifi_main ... Let's hunt for wifi_main

github.com/lupyuen/bl_iot… Image
"wifi_main" lives in the mysterious #BL602 #WiFi Library "libwifi" ... Let's study the decompiled C code (thanks to BraveHeartFLOSSDev and Ghidra)

github.com/lupyuen/bl602n… Image
#BL602 "wifi_main" calls "ke_evt_schedule" to do #WiFi Tasks ... GitHub Search shows that "ke_evt_schedule" is also defined in ... AliOS! 😲

github.com/lupyuen/bl602n… Image
But does "ke_evt_schedule" really come from AliOS? Not quite ... "ke_evt_schedule" actually comes from ... CEVA RivieraWaves! 😲

github.com/mclown/AliOS-T… Image
Now the #BL602 #WiFi Stack gets clearer ... We're actually reading the WiFi Driver Code by CEVA RivieraWaves! 💡

ceva-dsp.com/product/rivier… Image
Lesson Learnt: GitHub Search is our very good friend for Reverse Engineering! 👍

github.com/search?l=C&o=a… Image
The AliOS / RivieraWaves code we saw earlier was for Beken BK7231U WiFi + BLE SoC ... Is it related to #BL602? 🤔

bekencorp.com/en/goods/detai… Image
AliOS for Beken BK7231U WiFi SoC contains LMAC Firmware Code ... Is this the same LMAC Firmware that runs on #BL602's #WiFi Radio? 🤔 Super Exciting!

github.com/lupyuen/AliOS-… Image
From Now On: We shall read and understand the AliOS / RivieraWaves Source Code ... While comparing it with the Decompiled Code for #BL602 libwifi ... Just to be sure that they are the same 🤝

github.com/lupyuen/AliOS-… Image
Back to ke_evt_schedule, the function in #BL602 #WiFi Driver Kernel that handles every WiFi Event ... Let's hunt for ke_evt_hdlr and discover the WiFi Events

github.com/lupyuen/AliOS-… Image
Here are the #WiFi Event Handlers for #BL602 WiFi Kernel ... txl_payload_handle looks interesting ... Let's hunt for it

github.com/lupyuen/AliOS-… Image
txl_payload_handle handles #BL602 #WiFi Payloads by doing ... nothing! But txl_payload_handle_backup seems to be the right function that handles WiFi Payloads 🤔

github.com/lupyuen/bl602n… Image
#BL602 #WiFi Payload Handler calls rxu, txl and txu functions ... Fortunately these are defined in the AliOS / RivieraWaves Source Code we saw earlier

github.com/lupyuen/bl602n… Image
Here's the Decompiled #BL602 #WiFi Supplicant that handles WiFi Authentication ... Decompiled code looks readable

github.com/lupyuen/bl602n… Image
Thankfully #BL602 #WiFi Library libwifi was compiled with Assertions Enabled ... Makes Reverse Engineering simpler 👍

github.com/lupyuen/bl602n… Image
Let's do Quantitative Analysis of the Decompiled #BL602 #WiFi Demo Firmware ... How many lines of code do we actually need to Reverse Engineer ... Now that we've found some matching source files?

github.com/lupyuen/bl602n… Image
Load the Decompiled #BL602 #WiFi Functions into a spreadsheet ... For easier crunching

Google Sheets: docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d… Image
Matching the Decompiled #BL602 #WiFi Functions with AliOS / RivieraWave Source Code ... And identifying the differences

Google Sheets: docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d… Image
Work In Progress: What's inside the #BL602 #WiFi Demo Firmware ... And how many lines of code need to be Reverse Engineered

Google Sheets: docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d… Image

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Lup Yuen Lee 李立源 Profile picture
Jun 24
Our #RustLang App compiles for Software Floating-Point, but Apache #NuttX RTOS expects Hardware Floating-Point ... Let's fix this with a Rust Custom Target for QEMU #RISCV

Source: lupyuen.codeberg.page/articles/rust4…
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#RustLang won’t do Double-Float for 32-bit #RISCV ... Let's create a Custom Rust Target for #NuttX on QEMU

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Lup Yuen Lee 李立源 Profile picture
Dec 18, 2023
Let's look inside the #RISCV Sv39 Memory Management Unit ... With Apache #NuttX RTOS on @ThePine64 #Ox64 64-bit SBC

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Protecting the RAM and I/O Memory inside our #Ox64 BL808 SBC

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Here's the Level 1 Page Table for #RISCV Sv39 Memory Management Unit

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Lup Yuen Lee 李立源 Profile picture
Sep 10, 2023
Let's power up the Display Controller inside #RISCV Star64 #JH7110 SBC @ThePine64 ... By running simple commands in the #UBoot Bootloader

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#UBoot Commands "md" and "mw" for Dumping and Writing Memory

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Writing to the Star64 #JH7110 UART Registers ... With #UBoot Bootloader

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Lup Yuen Lee 李立源 Profile picture
Aug 22, 2023
#RISCV Star64 #JH7110 SBC is now supported by Apache #NuttX RTOS! Let's review how we created the first release of NuttX for Star64 @ThePine64

Article: lupyuen.codeberg.page/articles/relea…
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Here's how we build Apache #NuttX RTOS for #RISCV Star64 #JH7110 SBC

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Bootable microSD with Apache #NuttX RTOS inside ... By creating a Flat Image Tree

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Lup Yuen Lee 李立源 Profile picture
Aug 9, 2023
Apache #NuttX RTOS crashes on @ThePine64 Star64 #JH7110 #RISCV SBC because there's no Semihosting ... Let's modify NuttX to boot with an Initial RAM Disk instead (initrd)

Article: https://t.co/nhtphJNCvVlupyuen.codeberg.page/articles/semih…
Image
Apache #NuttX RTOS crashes on Star64 #JH7110 with #RISCV MCAUSE 3 ... Let's find out why

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Apache #NuttX RTOS halts with #RISCV MCAUSE 3 because of the EBREAK Instruction for Debugging ... But we're not doing any debugging!

Article: https://t.co/BZU2aQ8tjylupyuen.codeberg.page/articles/semih…
Image
Read 6 tweets
Lup Yuen Lee 李立源 Profile picture
May 30, 2023
Will #LVGL Graphical Apps run in the Web Browser ... With #WebAssembly and #ZigLang Compiler? Let's find out!

Article: lupyuen.codeberg.page/articles/lvgl3… Image
Simple #WebAssembly app in #ZigLang

Article: lupyuen.codeberg.page/articles/lvgl3… Image
#ZigLang and JavaScript will happily interoperate in #WebAssembly ... Both ways!

Article: lupyuen.codeberg.page/articles/lvgl3… Image
Read 15 tweets

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