With the help of an acquaintance, Mr Li, who lends his Landcruiser for the cause, we set out deep into the south Shanxi countryside on the trail of some magnificent temples with their share of spectacular secrets.
Come join for a long thread 🧵… 1/11
Our first stop is Youxian Temple 游仙寺 south of Gaoping.
Here the main ‘Pilu’ hall 毗卢殿, built in 970, gives a classic Song visage - elegant eaves supported by complex beams, with echoes of paint still flecked on the timber work. 2/11
To the east is isolated Chongming Temple 崇明寺, the oldest temple I’d set out to see with its central Buddha hall 中佛殿 built in 970.
Soaring eaves like unfolding wings, gorgeous timberwork propping them up, and a nice Ming rear hall to boot.
(Chased by dog on way in)
3/11
Our next stop is Nanjixiang Temple 南吉祥寺, which we cajole villagers to open up.
Stelae in the grounds show the main 过殿 central hall was built in 1030, wood still beautifully preserved, while behind it is a rear hall dating to the Yuan. 4/11
We stop for lunch, where things start to go wrong.
In fit of hospitality Mr Li decides to treat me - to hotpot with endless steam of every kind of meat (and remarkably served on slowly stripped Barbie dolls….), and two bottles of 48% proof Guizhou baijiu.
Is my day over? 5/11
But onwards! I stagger out into sunlight. Helped by @xujnx’s database, next door we find 12th century Jin temple - closed for lunch - but with its massive red-painted entrance and huge Tang masonry base giving a sense of scale.
A gulp of water and we’re back on the road…. 6/11
In Kaihua temple 开化寺 the 1073 Mahavira Hall 大雄宝殿 harbours an amazing treasure - for it’s lined entirely with sumptuous, intact Song Buddhist frescoes, with the beams painted in a matching scheme.
Alas, no photos - would that I could share. And even more yet to come… 7/11
…Chongqing Temple 崇庆寺 is a true treasure.
Both the Thousand Buddha Hall 千佛殿 (1017) and side hall stuffed with staggering Song statues, including a massive gold coated Buddha.
Behind, halls with some of the most impressive Ming sculptures I’ve ever seen. Amazing. 8/11
Faxing Temple 法兴寺, due to be our last.
Built 1080, main hall 圆觉殿 is again crammed with eye popping Song statuary, and fronted by squat Tang pagoda. All moved uphill in Republican era to build a coal mine.
But before we leave - a tip off; something down the road… 9/11
Bucun village 布村. Sceptical warden lets us in for a cigarette and introduces Jade Emperor Temple 玉帝庙.
Fore-temple 前殿 is undated. But a recent Beida expedition put it as Five Dynasties - at latest. Maybe Tang. 8-10th century.
One of China’s oldest wooden buildings. 10/11
The sagging eaves have ‘recent’ (!) Song stone columns inserted to prop them up.
In front, martial art graffiti left by occupying Japanese troops in WWII.
Behind, an in itself ancient (12th century) Jin dynasty rear hall 后殿.
To see the oldest European footprint in the Americas, you can’t do much better than Santo Domingo - founded a mere four years after Columbus first set foot on Hispaniola.
So I go stumbling around the colonial city to see some of the oldest buildings on the continent… /1
The Ozama fortress, raised by Nicolás Ovando between 1502-8, was to serve as the lynchpin of the city’s defence - built in the style of Castilian fortresses from Spain it overlooks the Ozama river and docks from a cliff, although would be taken by Sir Francis Drake in 1586 /2
Behind this, the Spanish laid out the first planned street in the colony which, remarkably, is still lined largely by the houses, convents, and palaces which date to this initial flurry of construction by Ovando and his several thousand colonists /3
The modern Turkish town of Milas a the Carian capital of Mylasa - conceals some interesting historical vestiges - a monumental Roman gate and an aqueduct among them.
But one massive masonry terrace wall holds something much more elusive, and only recently excavated… /1
Now crossed by a later Roman road, this terrace was once the ceremonial heart of the Achaemenid and Hellenistic Kingdom.
Indeed, the road cuts through an altar related to something quite a bit older… /2
For here was the tomb of Hekatomnus - Persian satrap of Caria, founder of the eponymous dynasty, and the father of a certain Mausolos.
Mausolos would go on to ape his father in having his tomb - his now lost wonder of the world, the Mausoleum - be modelled on this archetype /3
Miletos - Minoan colony then Mycenaean base against the Hittites; cradle of Greek philosophy; Ionian thorn in Persia’s side; Seleukid then Ptolemaic gem; Roman city and site of Paul’s missions; Byzantine fort and Seljuk port - few cities are quite so historically rich 🧵 /1
The Romans dug a huge theatre into Miletos’ prehistoric hill, where once sat a Minoan cult temple and the fortress which sheltered the rebel Piyama-Radu in his pro-Achaean revolt against the Hittites.
Once the tiered seats afforded spectators views over a now silted harbour… /2
As at Priene across the former bay, the Meander’s alluvial silt did pay to the waters which once surrounded Miletos and its international ports.
Here is the old quayside with a ruined harbour monument - perhaps the site of Paul’s conversation with the Ephesians at Acts 20:17 /3
Another fantastic site at the famed city of Laodicea on the Lycus, founded by Antiokhos II on the borders of Lydia and Caria.
Frequently mentioned in the New Testament as a seat of early Christianity, there are tremendous ruins here for those willing to brave the heat… /1
There are few cities of this scale where the layout of the central streets is quite so apparent - here with the well preserved pavement and central covered drain, lined by porticoes to protect against rain and sun, and with shops, fountains, and temples lining the sides /2
In the city’s huge 35,000m2 agora - still partially unexcavated - an entire back wall, stretching 100m, has been preserved with extensive frescoes in situ.
It’s often hard to imagine how colourful
Roman cities were - imagining this replicated across the city gives some idea /3
The next stage of our Anatolian adventure starts in Izmir, the Turkish for Smyrna Σμύρνα, an ancient port city which has presided over the Aegean coast for the best part of three millennia - with, right up until the 1920s, one of the region’s largest Greek populations /1
Founded on a hill north of today’s centre and colonised by Greeks in the archaic period, Smyrna was reestablished by Alexander the Great and his successors around Mt Pagos and the coast below it - growing throughout the Hellenistic and Roman periods into a prosperous port /2
The vaults beneath the Roman basilica - once home to shops, latterly drains and cisterns, and finally abandoned - are impressive reminders of this prosperity.
In some, phantom doorways open onto foundations - entrances to former Hellenistic shops closed up by the Romans /3
Assisi’s 12th century Cathedral of San Rufino is an impressive feature in the north of the town, but just as impressive is the chunks of a Roman sacral district which has been painstakingly excavated from underneath the church /1
Visible in a crypt and in most of the north east wall, the cathedral - where St Francis of Assisi was baptised - buts right up against a monumental retaining wall, which supported a huge acropolis-like terrace at the edge of the Roman city /2
Underneath today’s nave are foundations of an Osco-Roman temple, the ruins of which were still visible when the current church was built over them in the 12th century.
Chunks of carved stone are reused throughout the crypt, which lay under a preceding early medieval church /3