Widowed at the age of 21, Martha Coston met the challenge of providing for her four children by inventing a system of maritime signal flares. She found the idea in her dead husband's notebooks, but his system did not work.

Coston thought she could do better; and she was right. Image
Over several months, she worked diligently to make the idea a reality. In her memoirs she wrote:

"(...) The men I employed and dismissed, the experiments I made myself, the frauds that were practiced upon me, almost disheartened me; but...
... I treasured up each little step that was made in the right direction, the hints of naval officers, and the opinions of the different boards that gave the signals a trial. I had finally succeeded in getting a pure white and a vivid red light."
The flares had to be simple enough to use in coded color combinations. They also had to be bright, durable, and long-lasting so that they were effective tools for ship-to-ship and ship-to-land communications.
Coston hit on the idea of using fireworks technology as the basis of her design. Using fireworks technology, she developed the original plan into an elaborate system of flares called Night Signals. Image
The system of bright, long-lasting signal flares revolutionized naval communication and continues to be in use and has saved thousands of lives.

Read more: engineergirl.org/125236/Martha-…

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
 

Keep Current with Marina Amaral

Marina Amaral Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @marinamaral2

30 Jun
Widowed at 27, Madame Clicquot brought her business back from the brink of destruction and created the modern champagne market in the process.

"I’d like to risk my inheritance, I’d like you to invest the equivalent of an extra million dollars in me running this wine business."
Her husband died in 1805, leaving her in control of a company involved in banking, wool trading, and champagne production. Under Madame Clicquot's control, the house focused entirely on champagne, and thrived using funds supplied by her father-in-law.

smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/t…
The brand and company of Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin still bears her name. tinyurl.com/vsxrfduc
Read 4 tweets
30 Jun
Colorized by me: Katherine Douglas Smith addressing a crowd of men at Portsmouth, circa 1910.

"The young women of today, free to study, to speak, to write, to choose their occupation, should remember that every inch of this freedom was bought for them at a great price.... Image
It is for them to show their gratitude by helping onward the reforms of their own times, by spreading the light of freedom and of truth still wider. The debt that each generation owes to the past it must pay to the future.” - Abigail Scott Duniway, suffragist, 1834-1915. Image
Print available! Get it here: redbubble.com/shop/ap/814581… Image
Read 6 tweets
27 Jun
Agnes Bertha Marshall was an English culinary entrepreneur who became a leading cookery writer in the Victorian period. She was dubbed the "Queen of Ices" for her works on ice cream and other frozen desserts.
Her 1888 cookery book included a recipe for "cornets with cream", possibly the earliest publication of the edible ice cream cone. She also gave public lectures on cooking, and ran an agency for domestic staff.
Agnes was granted a patent in 1885 for an improved ice cream machine that could freeze a pint of ice cream in five minutes. She also suggested using liquid nitrogen to make ice cream, a method Heston Blumenthal uses today in his three-star Michelin restaurant The Fat Duck.
Read 5 tweets
27 Jun
Sophie Germain died #OnThisDay in 1831.

One of the pioneers of elasticity theory, she won the grand prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences for her essay on the subject. Despite initial opposition from her parents, she gained education from books in her father's library.
In lieu of a formal education, unavailable to women until more than a century later, Germain supplemented her reading and her natural gift for science by exchanging letters with some of the era’s most prominent mathematicians.
After sharing her thinking with mathematician Siméon Denis Poisson, Sophie's ideas were borrowed and published by Poisson as his own work on elasticity, giving Germain no credit.

brainpickings.org/2017/02/22/sop…
Read 4 tweets
23 Jun
This is Eagle Woman That All Look At (Waŋblí Ayútepiwiŋ), also known as Matilda Picotte Galpin, a Lakota activist, diplomat, trader, and translator, who is credited with being the only woman recognized as a chief among the Sioux. Image
She was known as a woman of honor in both Native American Indian and white societies for her attempts at peaceful compromise between these two different ways of life. tinyurl.com/y7x777b5
Eagle Woman and her daughter Louise organized the first day school at Standing Rock Indian Reservation. She continued aiding the tribes in adjusting to reservation life until her death in 1888. Image
Read 4 tweets
23 Jun
Thread: Victorian dress for every occasion, 1890s. Read more about each one of them: tinyurl.com/945ynabc

Nightgown:
Dressing Gown:
Wrapper, or morning dress:
Read 8 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!


This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Too expensive? Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal Become our Patreon

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us on Twitter!

:(