Tomas Pueyo Profile picture
Jul 9, 2021 19 tweets 5 min read Read on X
Should everybody learn to speak English? Yes:
1. Network effects of a common language are stronger than ever in History
2. It's the 1st time these are global
3. English is the most spoken / written language & the fastest growing

Only one thing can prevent this

Thread 🧵
1k years ago, ppl mostly spoke with those around them. Little need for a lingua franca. In Europe, Latin was enough, learned by the Church and the elites.
After the printing press, suddenly you can learn & communicate w/ ppl far away. Incentive to understand each other ➡️ languages appear around the dialects most published. In Europe you go from a gradient of languages to German, English, French, Spanish...
That lasts until the 20th C, when you still have a few state-sponsored gatekeepers (TV, media) that produce most of the language that ppl consume outside of their geographic immediate vicinity.

But that changes w/ Internet
Suddenly everybody can read stuff written by anybody else. If you don't understand each other, you miss out on the vast majority of the potential info you can consume.

You miss out on billions of ppl you can exchange ideas with

The value of one single lingua franca becomes huge
Now that the benefit of one single language becomes overwhelming, the question becomes: which one? As Ulrich Ammon says (edited):
"There is virtually no indicator for the global rank of a language which does not place English at the top"

GDP
Speakers (including 2nd language)
High growth in native speakers
High growth of learners
Most countries in which it's official
High proficiency in many countries where it's not the main official language
There are other languages with more native speakers
But the potential of the main alternatives (Hindi, Mandarin) is low, because only natives speak them, and the # of natives is going to peak soon
So English will become the language that we all speak.
Unless the Klingon discover us and we realize the entire galaxy speaks Klingon, in which we should all learn Klingon.

Or unless... the network effects break.
They can.
With interoperability.
This is how the network effects can be broken: when you don't need to join the network to get its benefits.
That's how phone monopolies were broken.
It's how you can break the monopoly of English. How?

Make ppl understand each other without the need to learn English
Google Translate already does an amazing job.
Even in live, spoken language
With good enough tech, ppl will be able to understand each other without learning each other's language.

So now it's race between mankind's learning English and translation tech to get good enough. Who will win? 🤷‍♂️
But knowing all this has consequences for tech workers, politicians, professionals, investors, English speakers, and everybody else. What are these takeaways? I expand on all of this and detail the takeaways in this week's article.
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More from @tomaspueyo

Sep 24
Massive floods across the Western world. What pattern do you see?

1. Massive floods in Vienna, carrying cars and everything else on its path.
The Danube is mostly embanked, no floodplains
2. Budapest is underwater
The city is also built on the Danube's floodplain. In fact, most of the Danube has embankments, and the floodplains and dams upstream are not enough to absorb all the water
3. Flood disaster in Głuchołazy, Poland, worst one in 100 years. Why? Because the river is fully embanked, has no floodplains anymore, and goes through the middle of the city



Image
Read 12 tweets
Sep 18
If wetlands prevent floods and straight rivers are bad, why do we keep doing it?

Here's why, and how we can do better, along with the most AMAZING visualizations of rivers:Image
What LA did to its river is the worst you can do: A line of concrete devoid of life, replacing nature with brutalist geometry
Image
Image
That's the type of disregard for nature that ends with situations like this one:
Read 23 tweets
Sep 11
One event made these things possible:
Roman civilization
Industrial Revolution
The oil wealth of Arab countries
Russia's invasions
The Mongol Empire
Globalization
Southern Europe richer than Northern Africa
And more

What was it?
The death of an ocean
I'm super excited about this! AFAIK, nobody has put all these facts together. You're learning about it here 1st!

To understand what happened, we need to start in this region of the world. Do you notice something special? Image
1. SEAS
It has plenty of huge inland seas! Notice how we can't find such seas anywhere else in the world*

The Mediterranean, Black, Azov, Caspian, Aral and Red Seas (and the Persian Gulf) are all in the same area, either cut off from oceans or connected by very narrow passes. Image
Read 18 tweets
Sep 8
I've been banging my head on a pbm and I need help, Twitter

Why are there huge dunes on some coasts and not others?

You have dunes like these ones in the Namib desert in Namibia. Why? How do they form? Why only here?

I'll update this thread as I get answers! Image
Apparently strong, dry winds blow from the interior towards the Atlantic ocean, accumulating the sand. As it accumulates, it blows or falls into the ocean, creating these huge slopes. OK.


Image
Image
Image
Image
You can even see these dunes in the satellite
The obvious question becomes: Why just there and not elsewhere on the Namib desert coast? Image
Read 16 tweets
Aug 30
Can solar energy costs keep shrinking?
The wealth of humanity and health of the environment are at stake

Solar allies: Costs will keep shrinking!
Skeptics: They're can't! They're already growing!
Who's right?

Here's the story of the biggest energy revolution of the decade:
1. Solar is already the cheapest source of electricity!
It's also one that most ppl love, so few ppl block it—unlike nuclear or fossil fuels

So solar energy is the best candidate to get us cheap energy and with very little CO2 emissions to stop global warming Image
2. There's no such thing as a rich country that consumes little energy. The more energy a country consumes, the richer it is

If we want to be richer, we MUST generate more electricity Image
Read 22 tweets
Aug 19
Pumpkins can grow to over 2000 lbs (1 ton) for the same reason the Dutch countryside is purple at night: Because plants are green. Thread 🧵
These pumpkins come from Alaska
Why? Because in the growing season, it gets 20 hours of sunlight
More sunlight, more energy, more growth
Image
Image
They're not the only vegetable to grow so big. Here are Alaskan cabbages. Same principle: 20h of light a day Image
Read 13 tweets

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