What you see is a painted impression of the physical circumstances of an European artist in the early nineteenth century. Among other details and objects, a lot of paper is present. Let's have a a closer look, #paperhistory and #bookhistory. A thread.
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The painting is titled Léon Pallière (1787–1820) in His Room at the Villa Medici, Rome, and was painted in 1817 on oil. The artist: the French Jean Alaux.
Here is a link to more details: metmuseum.org/art/collection…
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The writing place. A place of various paper usages: a letter on the table, a few bound books, folders filled with loose paper sheets, unbound books, a few sheets of paper in-between. Also: an ink pot, and a writing quill. #paperhistory
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At the wall: a few prints. Printed images produced using usually a carved woodblock or an engraved copperplate. These popular prints of the time, available from peddlers and book sellers alike, were produced and sold around 1800 in Europe in their millions. #bookhistory
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As this painting was intended to show an artist in 1817 working in Italy, these two paper objects on the wall need more attention. What you see is a map, a bestselling item of the period, and the smaller one is another bestseller: a devotional print. Holy Mary and Baby Jesus. 5/x
So makes in 1817 a map of Europe and a devotional print at an Italian wall so special? Well, did I mention that around 1800 Italian bookselling and printselling networks flooded Europe with millions of decorative and devotional prints like these two? #bookhistory
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The leisure corner, made for reading near the bed. Interesting detail: two bound books, likely novels, and a few fresh quires of paper sheets waiting to be used. Here, newly produced paper sheets, likely in the trade units of the time, were waiting for action. #paperhistory
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A closer look at the paper sheets: Around 1800 most paper amounts were still calculated in trade units around quantity, i.e. describing the number of sheets. So these are packages of 24/25 sheets - called in Dutch 24 a "boek", in German ein "Buch", in English “a quire”.
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At the wall: more decorative prints, not glued to the walls, but pinned. I hope you enjoyed this paper thread.
How to hold a paper letter in early modern Europe? A thread.
How to hold a paper letter in early modern Europe? Like a ruler (here Philip IV of Spain in 1643), being informed and part of every communication network there is. Signal: I am easygoing and powerful.
How to hold a paper letter in early modern Europe? After work (here: Agostino Pallavicini in 1621), still dressed in business clothes, but after having finished the usual multitasking and decision making. Signal: I am overworked but happy.
Fancy a word of academic German today? #Schreibschulden - the texts you promised to send to someone but missed the deadlines, and apparently your growing overload of to do reviews, chapters and articles become part and argument of every academic conversation you have.
"Wie geht es Ihnen und den #Schreibschulden heute?" (Gehört auf einem deutschen Universitätsflur in einem Historischen Seminar).
"Ich kann leider keine Rezensionen mehr annehmen, meine #Schreibschulden verbieten es mir" (Höfliche und häufige Floskel in Emails).
That's an early modern street seller, selling broadsides and printed paper crowns for christmas.
Step 1 of #PaperCrownsForChristmas
The street seller is a detail of a painting from Joos de Momper the Younger, a Flemish painter active in Antwerp between the late 16th century and the early 17th century. So the paper crowns were likely sold in Antwerp or nearby.
Step 2 of #PaperCrownsForChristmas
Mobile sellers of paper products, like newspapers, broadsides, pamphlets etc., were a thing in early modern Europe. In fact, they were almost everywhere. And paper crowns were seasonal extras.
Step 3 of #PaperCrownsForChristmas
More information on the small print (an etching!) with the letter receiving or sending young woman can be found here: bavarikon.de/object/bav:UBE….
The purpose of paper letters being sent within the Early Modern European territories from A to B seems to be clear - it was about communication. However, we shall not forget that especially private letters were among the most read, and re-read, texts.
Among the many reusages of paper in early modern Europe was certainly rereading letters. A short thread - using a 1780s painting from Marguerite Gérard - for those interested in #paperhistory and #bookhistory:
Step 1.
Let's start the look at rereading (and paper storing) practices of rich Europeans with details on the painting used. You see Marguerite Gérard's painting from c. 1785, nowadays in the Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen - Neue Pinakothek München, sammlung.pinakothek.de/de/artwork/ApL…
Step 2.
Important paper letters were stored in tiny boxes - for rereading aloud and silently, alone and in company.
One way to sell news in early modern Europe: combine extraordinary topics that were published elsewhere before, and then republish them in a new pamphlet.
The selection and combination of three extraordinary topics was an easy task for an experienced publisher. To start with, you needed to buy and read other pamphlets or news prints of the time. Media echoes of interesting stoiries were omnipresent and easy to spot. Have a look:
The severe weather, with thunder, heavy rainings and lightning, was all over the German news in 1684. Even if you missed the news reports in newspapers, there were also extra pamphlets devoted to the topic available. Like this one: