Thread by @kcsfa

How does DNS work?

In a usual DNS query, the URL typed in by the user has to go through four servers for the IP address to be provided. The four servers work with each other to get the correct IP address to the client, and they include:

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1) DNS recursor: The DNS recursor, which is also referred to as a DNS resolver, receives the query from the DNS client. Then it communicates with other DNS servers to find the right IP address.

After the resolver retrieves the request from the client, the resolver acts like a client itself. As it does this, it makes queries that get sent to the other three DNS servers: root nameservers, top-level domain (TLD) nameservers, and authoritative nameservers.

2) Root nameservers: The root nameserver is designated for the internet's DNS root zone. Its job is to answer requests sent to it for records in the root zone. It answers requests by sending back a list of the authoritative nameservers that go with the correct TLD

3) TLD nameservers: A TLD nameserver keeps the IP address of the second-level domain contained within the TLD name. It then releases the website’s IP address and sends the query to the domain’s nameserver.

4) Authoritative nameservers: An authoritative nameserver is what gives you the real answer to your DNS query. There are two types of authoritative nameservers: a master server or primary nameserver and a slave server or secondary nameserver.

The master server keeps the original copies of the zone records, while the slave server is an exact copy of the master server. It shares the DNS server load and acts as a backup if the master server fails.