Did you know that Ceres was the OG 9th planet of the Solar System? Discovered in 1801 by Italian Catholic priest and astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi (because astronomy was almost always a side-gig), this now-dwarf planet was originally described as a comet... Probably? (1/5) NASA image of dwarf planet Ceres. A small grey ball pitted w
In his own words: I have announced this star as a comet, but since it shows no nebulosity, and moreover, since it had a slow and rather uniform motion, I surmise that it could be something better than a comet. (2/5) Portaint of Giuseppe Piazza dressed in his black priesthood
Observations at the end of 1801 confirmed this new object, and Ceres was designated a planet - particularly since it fit with the now-disproved Titius–Bode law, a mathematical oddity describing the spacing of the planets, indicating there should be one between Mars + Jupiter (3/5
But then, more objects were found near Ceres.
Vesta (pictured).
Pallas.
Juno.
Over two dozen objects were found, as astronomers soon realised they needed to distinguish between the large, spherical planets and the pin-point new objects (4/5). NASA image of Vesta, an irregular, grey, potato-like asteroi
So, by the middle of the 19th century, these new not-planets not-comets were designated asteroids, and the Solar System was back down to 8 planets (5/5).

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More from @DrJeniMillard

11 Feb
Today is #InternationalDayOfWomenInScience. Here's my story. I hope it might inspire some of you to take up science, or maybe encourage you to support your female relatives in their pursuit of a career in STEM.

Thread...
I come from a town in South Wales called Barry. Never heard of it? It's where this show was filmed (pic).

I went to a typical primary and all- female secondary school. No fancy science academy. But I do think an all-female school helped encourage my love of science. (2/n)
My family is not sciencey or particularly academic. My cousin went to university before me to study PE and teaching. I have second cousins that did an art degree and music degree. My mother earned a diploma in Payroll finance with her job. Therein ends the list. (3/n)
Read 13 tweets
30 Jul 20
So what's new this time?
- 23 cameras, including zoom AND we can make 3D images
- We're directly searching for signs of past microbial life
- New, stronger wheels (with JPL spelled out in morse code in the hole pattern!)
- Caching
- Experiments for human survival on Mars (1/n)
The journey to Mars takes about 7 months, we're looking at a mid-Feb 2021 landing.

It'll be the first time we get to see the sky crane in action, because there's now a camera attached! Although there will be a time delay, we'll actually see Perseverance land! (2/n)
Perseverance has an astonishing 23 cameras, to assist with rover operations and for mineralogy (figuring out what the surrounding rocks and area are made of). There is also a weather monitoring system on board (temperature, wind speed and direction, pressure, humidity), (3/n)
Read 14 tweets
15 Jul 20
OK, here's the answer to the question: did NASA just ruin the zodiac and invent a constellation?

Tldr: no, Ophiuchus has always been there, it was just ignored when the signs were drawn up 3000 years ago. And due to precession, it's all out by about one sign anyway...

1/n
To answer this, we have to go back 3000 years to those cool cats, the ancient Babylonians, the first astronomers and astrologers (because back then, the two were intertwined, which is not the case now).

These guys were smart. They had a 12 month calendar, and they had (2/n)
noticed that the Sun and planets always seem to move through the same constellations.

Today, we know that is this because all the planets in the solar system orbit in the same flat plane, kind of like a CD. The axis of the earth is tilted (23.5deg) and this is what makes (3/n)
Read 12 tweets

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