"Every day one should work so that Judaism should thrive - and it will" says in a mixture of #Ladino and Turkish Mr. Leon Elnekave - the head of the 60 strong Jewish community of #Bursa...
Leon bey looks over the Geruş or Expulsion synagogue - named after the various Jews expelled to Bursa - first by the byzantines and later by the Sefardi Jews who arrived from Spain in 1492...
There are two "Bimas" at the beautiful #synagogue - one closer to the women section as Leon explains "so that they should hear" - I totally agree: "of course, the Torah is not only for the men!"
After praying Minha under the colorful dome - we were honored to open the Ehal, the Ark where the Torahs are stored...
It was astonishing to see that the hand written Torahs were decorated with a Star and Crescent...
We also learned a new custom. A 'Minhag' which apparently exists only in Bursa! After I locked the Arc, I handed the keys on to the back of Yusuf's hand!
But why?
"If you give it in this manner you won't fight" says Leon in his native #Ladino (#JudeoEspanyol)...
(I am not sure I really understand why, but I for sure won't fight over it...)
The second synagogue in Bursa is the Mayor, or Major, synagogue. Some say it is named after the Jews of #Mallorca who found refuge here.
"It is older than the Geruş synagogue. About 10 years older" - not that it makes much of a difference to a 500 year old synagogue...
Here too, the Torah's are adorned with a Star and Crescent...
The the newly renovated Midraş, or little synagogue, hosts some interesting old religious articles...
And... Betrothal Records that still have some empty pages to fill... Sounds optimistic to me...
This little Midraş was renovated with the help of the Bursa Municipality...
But chatting with Leon bey, shadowed by a cupboard packed with Burial Shrouds (hand woven by community members) gives a different vibe...
There are 60 Jews left in Bursa - 2 beautiful synagogues, (the 3rd Etz Hayim was burned down some 60 years ago), a meticulously clean Jewish cemetery - but Leon is driven that this community should not just disappear!
"Make sure to join us for Shabbat prayers in the winter" he says. "We have a Minyan, we will arrange a nice Kosher Seuda (meal) and you will see the Bursa Jewish community!"
I promise him that, 'Sin Neder' of course, I will...
and off we go to the beautiful #Uludag countryside...
Where will we be tomorrow? 😊
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I hear this question often after I introduce myself as the rabbi of Istanbul's Ashkenazi community - after all, Turkey is the bastion of Sefardi Jews!
So what's the story of the Ashkenazi community of Turkey? Thread 🧵👇
When Sefaradi Jews found refuge in the Ottoman Empire after the Spanish expulsion of 1492 and Portugal 1497 - and trickles of Anusim, former converts, in the centuries after - They were welcomed by the two local Jewish communities:
Romaniot and Ashkenazim.
Romaniot Jews are the Jews of the Roman Empire - who lived under Byzantine rule since antiquity. They spoke Greek and were often call Gregos by other Jews.
Ashkenazi Jews came from Central and Eastern Europe, after 1250. Yiddish speaking, sometimes called Ungaros, for Hungary.
This book, Responsa by Rabbi Yosef Colon, known as Maharik, (Sadiklov 1834) belonged to my Great-great-grandfather, Rabbi Nathan Gurary of Kremenchuk, Ukraine...
Confiscated in 1920' with his huge library when the communist regime nationalized his tobacco factory - it ended up in a flea market in Odessa, when his son in law, my Great-grandfather Rabbi Eliezer Karassik saw it en route to Istanbul...
My grandmother, Rivka Chitrik, told me that upon seeing the familiar name stamped on the books - her father dumped all their cloths, filling the suitcases with the books instead... As many as they could... Eventually the books came, via Istanbul, to their home in Tel Aviv...
The Mikve (Ritual Immersion Bath) at Bet Yisrael synagogue in İstanbul
Thread👇
It is customary for men to immerse in a Mikve before Yom Kippur - for lack of time on the eve of Yom Kippur - here is a little bit about Mikve's of Turkey...
When we visited Kilis on the #TurkeyJewishRoadtrip at Mehmet and Büşra's house we were told about the Mikve in the Hamam:
The 500 year old Eski Hamam served all inhabitants of Kilis - including the Jewish population, who used the Mikva, located in a dedicated room, in specific hours of the day...
I usually share a day post, but meeting with Metropolitan Gregorios Melki ÜREK of Adıyaman and conversing with him in Aramaic, deserves a special thread...
Metropolitan Gregorios looks over a small, dwindling community in the Adıyaman area - a community that is native to this region, as he explains "We are Arameans, we are from this region, so we speak, write and read in Aramaic. This is our home".
The Metropolitan and I walked around the streets of Adıyaman, he wearing his usual bright red clerical clothing, me wearing my Kipah, and it seems that everyone knows him "we love the people" he says, and they sure reciprocate in kind...
Did you know that Kayseri, aka Mazaka,
the capital of the Kingdom of Cappadocia, was in antiquity home to a very significant Jewish community?
The Talmud, discussing the laws of mourning over great tragedies, writes that King "Shavor Malka" killed in Mezget Kayseri 12 thousand Jews! But never the less, Shmuel, one of the great sages and confidant of Shapur did not mourn upon hearing the news!
The Talmud goes on to explain that it is because "they brought it upon themselves!" - it wasn't a real 'tragedy' - because somehow they deserved it...