"How can we reconcile Museveni’s political thought with his political practice, One way to read Uganda’s predicament is as a dialogue between Museveni’s ideas and the international economic order which confronted him"
“A multiparty system in an industrialised society is likely to be national, while in a preindustrial society its likely to be sectarian”
"That self-serving logic underpinned Museveni’s view that the wrong sort of democracy, too soon, threatens cohesion and hinders modernisation"
"Museveni initially resisted IMF structural adjustment, but 191% inflation, foreign aid funding half of gov't, he changed course"
“In his search for the new Jerusalem, he went to the precipice, peered over the edge and didn't like what he saw, That is why he will never go back.”
"The proportion of Ugandans living below World Bank’s extreme poverty line fell from 58% in 1989 to 36% in 2012. GDP growth averaged 6.9% a year, faster than in Singapore. Museveni lapped up praise – and money – from the Western governments that bankrolled him"
"but under Museveni’s rule the hustling class grew
It was the hustlers – not an industrial proletariat – that became the lifeblood of urban culture and Bobi Wine, the man who now poses the greatest threat to his regime"
“He has been through it, and he can help us through this.”
"a naïve sense that if only Museveni were gone then Ugandans would “walk with swag”
"Despite his mural of Thomas Sankara and fondness for pan-African iconography, Bobi Wine and his closest associates do not seem especially curious about the dynamics of global capitalism"
"Museveni created the ghetto: now he must cajole, co-opt and crush it. In his self-righteous violence and petty machinations, he evokes both Napoleons at once: the blood-soaked general and the wily schemer.
This time as tragedy. This time as farce."
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The stela narrates Tanwetamani's "restoration of the double kingdom of Kush and Egypt from the condition of chaos " after he'd defeated Necho I and the delta & sais chiefs in 664BC
Originally erected in the Jebel Barkal temple in sudan and written in hieroglyphic by a scribe from napata, this dream stela emulated the language of Piye's 'Great Triumphal Stela (Piye was a kushite king who conquered Egypt and established the 25th dynasty in 760BC)
But this fragile peace was short-lived as the Assyrians under Assurbanipal invaded Egypt again in 664 and sacked Thebes
upper Egypt remained loyal to Tanwetamani until 656BC when Psamtik's daughter was adopted as the "God's wife of Amun" elect by the reigning Kushite princes thus
even more misleading when you consider that the pre-sokoto states of nothern nigeria eg zaria and borgu were aligned north-south as well including the more southerly yoruba states like Oyo
rather than geography and other reductive explanations (à la jared diamond), a better explanation for the west-east alignment of Ghana, Mali and Songhai was the control of the Senegal & Niger river valleys which were by then the most populous and productive regions in west africa
Maryam was a prominent scholar & lecturer from the sokoto empire; one of several highly literate women in 19th cent. west africa
in this letter to her son Muhammad Bello b. Ibrahim Dabo; ruler of kano (then province of sokoto), Maryam sought to reassure and calm the people of kano that the rumors of the Mahdi's arrival were false inorder to stem the exodus of faithfuls moving east (to sudan)
This was a time of eschatological anxieties in west africa in anticipation of the prophetic traditions of the 12th caliph and the mahdi leading to a millenarian turmoil
a nubian named Muhammad Ahmad had declared himself the mahdi in 1881 and freed sudan from the ottoman turks
Folios from three of the chronicles of the history of kano, nigeria
1650AD, Asl al-Wanqariyin (wangara chronicle)
1880AD, Tarikh al-Musamma (kano chronicle) written by the scribe Dan Rimi Malam Barka
19th cent., Wakar Bagauda (Song of Bagauda)
walter scheidel's "escape from rome" makes a strong case for the advantages rome's demographics (thus: manpower) had over its rivals carthage, the ptolemies and seleucids
even going as far as comparing it with 17th cent. europe on the eve of colonial expansion
demographics also partly explain how colonial powers were able to project themselves outside their home continents
in the early 20th century, there were 2.5 million euopean soldiers in its colonies (augmented by local recruits) excluding the americas that were by then independent
demographics also explains why ethiopia was able to defend itself while most of africa was ultimately subjugated
in the 1875 yohannes mobilized as many as 100,000 soldiers to defeat the egyptians
by the 1896 menlik had an 120-200,000 large army and defeated the italians
1566AD
Letter from Antonio Vieira to king Henry of Portugal reporting on copper in Kongo
written from Sao Tome
-National Archive of Torre do Tombo #randomxt
Antonio was a powerful Mwisikongo noble and diplomat that served as the Manikongo's factor at Lisbon under 1/3
both kings Afonso and Pedro later acting as Kongo's ambassador to Rome in 1595 under king Alvaro later marrying to Margarita da Silva (a Portuguese noble woman and Queen Catharina 's lady in waiting)
He was instrumental during the various successions of kings of the era,
ecclesiastical issues between kongo, lisbon, sao tome and Rome and the trade between Portugal and Kongo of which copper was one of Kongo's biggest exports during the early stages of the Atlantic trade esp after Kongo restricted slave exports in the late 16th and early 17th cent.