@angela_walch Glad you asked! I have devoted the entire 4 years of my career to solving these problems, every since the day of the 2nd Parity msig hack in 2017 when I realized there was an extreme lack of software security processes like the ones I was used to at the companies I've worked for.
@angela_walch #1: Improving transparency and security processes of development teams through open source, common sense process checklists - @DefiSafety

#2: We created a TG and Discord community for Security engineers to communicate and learn from each other in 2018 #ETHSecurity
@angela_walch @DefiSafety #3: Since 2017, the entire industry has been working on increasing the state of the art of smart contract tooling, often increasing the state of art of software security on the bleeding edge in academia!
@angela_walch @DefiSafety #4: Ethereum's security culture has only improved. The hacks we see today are 100000x more complex than in 2017

#5: At this point, only the most venerable projects are in the Top 10 DeFi projects by listed by TVL, that is not a coincidence
@angela_walch @DefiSafety I have way more thoughts, but anyways this is the *current* state of things in Ethereum smart contract security. You asked how we can improve things.

Well, honestly, just keep doing what we're doing! This s/w is frankly the most difficult s/w I have ever personally worked on.
@angela_walch @DefiSafety It will probably not ever be entirely "safe" for public use by billions of people. No software is. The best we can do with software is increase our collective skillsets and raise the bar on dev, as well as overall project-level transparency, so people get what they paid for.
@angela_walch @DefiSafety Planes still crash, elevators kill someone almost every day, but the overall number of these incidents goes down with time, as the state of the technology gets more mature, and people get more comfortable using it. As we explore the boundaries of what's possible, that's natural.
@angela_walch @DefiSafety The most specific part of this that I am responding to is that smart contracts are *global* and operate simultaneously in 192 different jurisdictions. It would be *impossible* to make a set of rules and regs that all of those places can all agree on. Also, not really helpful!
@angela_walch @DefiSafety Regulations don't even work all that well today! The FAA basically has to rely on manufacturers to self-police, because the talent necessary to build aircraft is so scarce and in-demand, the gov't can't really employ them. It might have been iffy at first, but it largely works.
@angela_walch @DefiSafety This technology is several orders of magnitude more complex and hard to find people with the right knowledge and skillsets to regulate the industry. I don't think we ever will. And I think that's okay, because the way I've seen the industry grow up has been frankly encouraging.
@angela_walch @DefiSafety Now this hack today is super unfortunate, but a good portion of twitter followers and defi friends had simply never heard of this protocol and had no idea how it got so much TVL to lose. Came out of nowhere, probably written by inexperienced, anon devs copying a bunch of other...
@angela_walch @DefiSafety ...code that other people wrote (idk), and got themselves into trouble. The state of the audit industry I think is particularly to blame, people often rely on audits as a signal of quality, but audits vary so drastically in quality that unless you know the reputation of the firm
@angela_walch @DefiSafety They're basically useless and should be ignored. This is why I push people to @DefiSafety as a solution that is about objective metrics of transparency and quality, where the average outcome is much better with projects that score highly than those that don't.
@angela_walch @DefiSafety Alright, I could totally talk your ear off all freaking day, this has literally been my life for 4+ years now. I have a very keen understanding of what works and what doesn't, and really all that takes is experience and skill, which is hard to represent to other people.
@angela_walch @DefiSafety Any regulatory solution that I wish to see would help distill the risks and information required to make sound investment decisions by being transparent as possible, instead of thinking that the government is somehow gonna save us from ourselves through licensing reqs.

/fin
@angela_walch *4 years of my crypto career, I'm older than that 😬

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More from @fubuloubu

11 Aug
You know what? I just figured it out

The people focused on regulations see the parallels between DeFi and TradFi because they both share complexity (all finance is layered complexity)

Complexity isn't what caused systemic issues like the 2008 crash, the lack of transparency is.
We have *no idea* if TradFi financial products we are offered are what they say they are, because their composition is considered proprietary business info, so we have regulations there to force us to read through reams of incomprehensible paperwork to make sure asses are covered
However, DeFi is *transparent by design*, it is only through opacity that it becomes difficult (but not impossible) to see what it contains. That information is still there, and teams that do really well at documenting their properties (and risks) rise higher than those that dont
Read 6 tweets
10 Aug
I got angry with people constantly saying "but the rich get richer!" so I wrote this:
link.medium.com/OxzRW4C8Aib
btw, if you mined with only one Antminer S17 Pro over 18 months, you'd be at a net loss of 2% annualized
BTW this is hardly well researched (I uses two resources and purposely didn't reference them), but I think a good sketch someone could take and explore with better data.

No one should reference this piece as a data point in another piece without confirming the numbers.
Read 4 tweets
8 Aug
I think I've figured out why no one wants to give up potentially classifying devs as brokers, no matter how much they say they won't prosecute: They think DeFi devs are the critical piece to implement 1099 reporting in DeFi dapps
I don't think this is a completely unreasonable request (while it is an unreasonable demand IMO), because right now figuring cost basis for tax reporting is a ridiculously hard problem.

Just ask @rotkiapp
Every application has different semantics to what constituted a "trade" vs. a collateralized loan vs. a like-kind conversion. US law doesn't help make it clearer either. I'm sure there are similar difficulties in other jurisdictions.

We need "semantic web" for DeFi.
Read 11 tweets
14 Mar
NFT idea:
1. develop a trait/attribute model for your NFT collectibles
2. Allow "tokenizing" the NFT and issuing N (fungible) tokens based on M attributes
3. Allow buying and selling in "attribute markets"
4. Can only unwrap if you have 1:1 of each attribute of the target NFT
Bonus points if the attribute model is scalable to account for underpriced or missing attributes

NFTs themselves will never be 1:1 swapable, but their underlying attributes can be decomposed (according to a model) and made swapable to establish more efficient pricing
This works for non-collectible use cases too:
- Houses (location, BR/BA, age, etc.)
- Fine art (creator, style, age, auction history)

A lot more...
Read 7 tweets
16 Jan
I'm sure someone else has explained this, but it is just so cool and I want to explain how this works.
So Curve is awesome for swaps between similar assets, right? The fact that they trade very close to each other is a key part about how Curve works, using it's custom swap invariant function.

That's step 1
Step 2 is that Synthetix is awesome for creating "synthetic assets" (aka synths) which are assets that trade like other assets, that are backed by another, entirely different asset. Basically, a plastic banana that I can buy and sell like a real banana.
Read 18 tweets
14 Jan
Whoa, this is actually kind of nuts

So this psuedo-cartel of US miners only processes "compliant" transactions, meaning that they use their hashrate to exclude transactions from countries on the US financial sanctions list

But they only have 8% hashrate, so what's the big deal?
Well, that's all good and fine. That means 92% of Bitcoin hashrate should, in theory, process the remaining transactions, because it is economically profitable to do so. This mining cartel even says it themselves, they take a 0.35% hit to profits to provide this service
This doesn't sound so bad at all. Bitcoin works as intended, it might take a little longer to mine your transaction, but one of the non-US mining pools will include it, eventually.

What's the big deal?
Read 12 tweets

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