Another day another trite “graveyard of empires” take on Afghanistan. Notice how after Alexander (4th C BC) we go straight to the British Empire (19th C AD) - a gap of 2300+ years! What happened in the intervening time? Glad you asked! 🧵 /1
And here’s another thread addressing the (related) stereotype of Afghanistan being inherently backwards. As you can see, far from being underdeveloped, it contained some of the most advanced and cosmopolitan urban centres of the 15th C! /3
Why does this matter? Because lazy takes like these give a demonstrably false picture of Afghanistan as inherently backwards/ungovernable. This false picture then informs policy decisions with serious real-world consequences, some of which are playing out as we speak /4 END
Another example of lazy stereotypes informing policy discourse. Far from being the graveyard of empires, Afghanistan was both conquered by and made the capital of a number of important dynasties, a few examples:🧵
1/ Kushans (30-350 AD): a Buddhist Greek-influenced empire that ruled over parts of Afghanistan, Central Asia, and North India from its capital at Bagram (of airbase fame) before being conquered by the Sasanians. They traded with Rome, Persia, India, Ethiopia, and China.
2/ Samanids (819-999 AD): Persian satraps of the Abbasid Caliphs. They ruled most of Afghanistan (which was then part of Khurasan province) from their capital, Bukhara. Patrons of art and science, Firdawsi began composing the great Persian epic, the Shahnameh, during their reign!
Sadly stereotypes like this still persist. 15th century Afghanistan was a major centre of culture and learning - art, science, literature, and architecture flourished under the Timurids. The city of Herat was abuzz with artists, poets, scholars, and scientists. A few examples,🧵:
1/ PAINTING: Here is a beautiful miniature from an early 15th C Shahnameh. One of many great manuscripts from this period adorned with delicate illustrations.