If you were an average #Roman, you would have had only basic facilities to cook in your apartment - so most Romans lived on takeaways. You may have popped along to your local Popina (Wine Bar) which usually had a limited menu of simple foods like olives, bread and stew.
Popina's did not have the best of reputations and were often associated with illegal and immoral behaviour. As well as food and drink, sex was often also on offer and also gambling, even though gambling with dice was illegal
For a more substantial takeaway menu, #Romans could go to a thermopolium (cook shop) - it offered a more varied fast food menu served at a counter - just like this one, the Thermopolium of Vetutius Placidus from Pompeii.
Thermopolia were found throughout the #Roman Empire. Food and drink was kept in earthenware jars embedded in the holes in the counter, helping to keep them warm. The food they served was designed to be eaten on the move
Cauponae and tabernae were a form of #Roman tavern with both offering eat-in food & drink. Cauponae also offered overnight accomodation. Staff cooked food on simple braziers & customers could stand at the bar or take a table or a secluded booth to eat their meal.
If you were in the Roman military, you may have had a cooking set that could enable you to cook over a fire. The one pictured here was recovered from #Trimontium and was used between 80-100AD by soldiers on the edge of the #Roman Empire in what is now the #ScottishBorders.
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Scout, our expert archaeologist, investigates the well of the Principia at Bar Hill #Roman fort on the Antonine Wall ( @AntonineWall), #Scotland. Bar Hill was built c142AD & from this 43 foot deep well many items have been recovered, including shoes from men, women & children.
Bar Hill is near #Cumbernauld in #Scotland and is one of several forts along the Antonine Wall. Built in c142AD this clip shows the Principia and well, from where many objects were recovered, including shoes, coins and pieces of altars.
Now in the Hunterian Museum Collection this 2nd century #Roman gravestone, originally from Bar Hill Fort, is for Salamanes, who died aged 15. It was dedicated for him by his father - the name of the boy suggests he may have travelled to #Scotland from the Middle East.
The Dacians are the subject of Trajan's Column - Dacia was a kingdom equating to Romania & Moldova, & also parts of Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland & Slovakia. This image shows two Dacian warriors on the Arch of Constantine.
The Dacian kingdom under their last king, Decebalus, covered around 400,000 square kilometres. This powerful kingdom was seen as a threat to Rome & Decabalus had mounted successful raids south of the Danube. The images show Dacians on Trajan's Column.
The Roman Emperor, Domitian, tried to deal with the Dacian threat with disastrous campaigns in AD86 & 88. Domitian had to settle diplomatically with Dacia. The Emperor Trajan decided to try & conquer Dacia launching two wars (The Dacian Wars) in AD101-102 & AD105-6.
For #GoodFriday, the Pilate stone, a damaged limestone block and which mentions Pontus Pilate, the #Roman Prefect of Judea from AD26-36. This stone, found at the archaeological site of Caesarea Maritima in 1961 is the earliest surviving, and only contemporary record of Pilate.
The partial inscription on the Pilate Stone reads
[DIS AUGUSTI]S TIBERIÉUM
[...PONTI]US PILATUS
[...PRAEF]ECTUS IUDA[EA]E
[...FECIT D]E[DICAVIT]
The translation is :
To the Divine Augusti [this] Tiberieum
...Pontius Pilate
...prefect of Judea
...has dedicated [this]
Pontius Pilate is mentioned in several sources near the time in which he lived, such as the Embassy to Gaius (c41 CE) by Philo of Alexandria, the Jewish Wars (c.74 CE) & Antiquities of the Jews (c.94 CE) by Josephus, & the four Gospels by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John (AD66-110).