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Aug 20, 2021 14 tweets 4 min read Read on X
1. THE NGUNGUMBANE CHIEFTAINCY OF MBERENGWA EAST 🇿🇼

Umnxeba....📝

Today we look at the Ndebele community of Chief Ngungumbane which was relocated to Mberengwa in the late 1920s. Their migration story is similar to that of the Chief Gwebu community of Buhera we once discussed.
2. The Ngungumbane chieftaincy originates from the Amakhwananzi clan hence their surname is Mkhwananzi. The chieftaincy was established at Entunteni, a village headed by Mhabahaba Mkhwananzi its founding chief. The village was within Umzingwane district.
3. Mhabahaba Mkhwananzi
was succeeded at the time of the Anglo-Ndebele War of 1896 by his son Dliso. Dliso died at a time when Mathalazana, who was his rightful heir, was a minor. As a result Majinkila, Dliso’s son by his wife of the Masuku clan, became regent.
4. Majinkila died in 1922 and
was succeeded by his son Alison Ngungumbane Mkhwananzi, a
former student of Tiger Kloof in South Africa. It is from this son that the Ngungumbane chieftaincy in Mberengwa East got its name.
5. Alison Ngungumbane Mkhwananzi became a chief during the time when whites were taking all the prime agricultural land and establishing mining claims. The chief & his people were forced to abandon their land and move to a proposed area in Mberengwa East, then Belingwe in 1929.
6. However, some of Ngungumbane's people opted to settle in Nkayi, in particular those who were aligned to Mathalazana. The area in Mberengwa East where Ngungumbane established his chieftaincy & homestead is known as Ngungumbane to date.
7. Ingungumbane(Zulu 🇿🇦) /inungu(Ndebele 🇿🇼) is a porcupine in English.
8. During this time of displacements many Ndebele families and clans trekked from Matabeleland to different parts of Mberengwa and settled under Chiefs Mposi, Mataruse and Chingoma.
9. When approaching the chiefs the Ndebele would say 'Sidinga indawo yokuhlala' (We are looking for a place to stay). This earned them the name Amadingindawo or Madinga in short.
10. To date the descendants of amadingindawo are found in areas like Guvaravatonga, Marekeni, Danga, Chasa, Mutaruka/Chegato, Magakava, Pamushana, Langeni, Mudzidzi, Machingwe, Mulungisi, Gwai and Nyala. Intermarriages have happened over the years in these communities.
11. The current Chief Ngungumbane, Mr. Zama Mkhwananzi also sits in the Senate as a representative of the traditional leaders.
12.1 The Mkhwananzi clan praises are :
Spheshu – Madubandlela – Somlomoti – Sodilakazi – Nkwali yenkosi – Ndonga
Shamase
Mwelase – Sontuli – Somkhele – Khowa – Mayanda – Dlebhu wabeSwazi
Wena owagula wamisa intamo
Mashukumbela – Mthendeleka – Mtubatuba
Wena owawulobolela amadoda
12. 2
Wena owathenga istimela
Ninemali nina Bakhwanazi
Veyane

Mpandeyamadoda, Mpande ayiphikiswa oyiphikisayo uyazithwala
Gwagwa liyagwagwa umbane wezulu
Owaciba ngomkhonto eSikhwebesini kwapheph’inkosi yamaNtungwa
Owasingath’ihwahwa kodwa wangaledlulisel’mlonyen
12.3

Mgidla – Lomafu – Nkwenkwezi
Sikhumba kaMthethwa kaMantewane
Gagisa

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More from @RealMzalaTom

Dec 28, 2024
1. PRINCESS MKABAYI KA- JAMA (1750-1843) 🇿🇦

Princess Mkabayi was the daughter of the Zulu inkosi uJama. She was a twin by conception. Her twin sister was known as Mmama. Inkosi uJama decreed that the twin girls were not to be killed at their infancy. This decision was not well received by the royalty and Zulu society.Image
2. The twin girls were not loved by the community as there was great fear that they would bring curses and attract ancestral wrath on the Zulu community. This fear was confirmed when the queen mother died before she could bear the king a male heir. Mkabayi and her twin sister bore the brunt of the people's hate and rejection.Image
3. Mkabayi became the focus of public attention because of her strong willed character and stubbornness. Her sister on the other hand was calm and mellow. As years progressed, inkosi uJama failed to produce a male heir. This was worrisome to the Zulu royals and the nation. Image
Read 14 tweets
Dec 8, 2024
1. WHEN ALLIES FALL OUT : THE TRAGEDY OF KING LOBHENGULA AND CHAMINUKA PASIPAMIRE (Part 1) 🇿🇼

Two political dynasties in the present day Harare province and surrounding areas aligned themselves with the Ndebele in the mid to late 1800s. These were the Rwizi and Hwata dynasties. The relationship was one based on mutual benefits. These two dynasties were however, not the only allies of the Ndebele in present day Zimbabwe outside the borders of the erstwhile Ndebele kingdom. The focus of this thread is on the Rwizi Dynasty-Ndebele relations.Image
2. After clashes with the Ndebele between 1860-1864 over gold and trade routes , Hwata Nherera Gwindi, travelled to meet King Mzilikazi at his capital where they agreed to have a mutually beneficial alliance . It was agreed that the Ndebele would have partial access to the lucrative Shawasha gold mines and Portuguese trade routes controlled by the Hwata. The Hwata dynasty stretched from present day Harare, past the Mazoe Dam (then commonly known as pagomba) to modern day Glendale and to the heads of the Mazoe, Tateguru and Murowodzi valleys. In return the Ndebele had to assign personal and family bodyguards for Hwata Gwindi and dispatch regiments to protect him from his family contenders and external enemies. With Ndebele backing Hwata Nherera Gwindi and his son Mazarura maintained their territory and retained power for their house up to the late 1880s.Image
3. At the beginning of the 1880s the emerging Rwizi dynasty of Chitungwiza was ruled by Madzora, but his brother Pasipamire was much more famous. Pasipamire was the medium of the Chaminuka spirit. The Rwizi Dynasty was centred in present day Chitungwiza - Dungwiza – territory of long grass, where Chaminuka Pasipamire's shrine was located. The territory covered the area between the Mupfure and Manyame (Hunyani) rivers, extending as far as Mhondoro in the north-west and Hwedza Hills in the south east.Image
Read 11 tweets
Sep 21, 2024
1. THE CORONATION OF KING LOBHENGULA 👑🇿🇼👑

The contested coronation of King Lobhengula around 1870 was done in three phases over a period of about three months. This was in line with Nguni customs . The first stage was the welcoming of the new king at his father’s old capital, eMhlahlandlela where his ordination would commence.Image
2. On his arrival at the eMhlahlandlela town gate, he was welcomed with a black ox and invited to enter through the north gate.  There were around 15 000 soldiers to welcome him at eMhlahlandlela, singing, dancing and parading. Image
3. From the gate he was ushered to the goat kraal, where he was welcomed by a senior inyanga yomuzi who,cleansed and purified him as part of an elaborate purification ritual for kings. The vessels to be used in the festivities for his coronation were also purified. Image
Read 15 tweets
May 26, 2024
1. THE PRE-COLONIAL UKUCHINSA - FIRST FRUITS CEREMONY OF THE NDEBELE PEOPLE OF ZIMBABWE 🇿🇼

Thread..

After the conclusion of the Inxwala national ceremony , people went back to their respective villages. After a week or two, the king performed the ukuchinsa /dolo qina ceremony. Image
2. Citizens of the Ndebele state were prohibited from harvesting their crops until the ukuchinsa ceremony was conducted. This was usually around January or February, when the first crops started to appear. Image
3. The king was the first to partake of the first crops in the kingdom. Anyone who broke this rule was punished by death.Izinyanga -traditional doctors gathered the first crops like amakhomane, marrows and mixed them with medicines. After that the king would eat the first fruits. Image
Read 19 tweets
May 23, 2024
1. QUEEN NZINGA MBANDE OF ANGOLA (1583-1663) 🇦🇴

The first Portuguese explorers arrived in present day Luanda around 1500s. By 1575 Paulo Dias
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2. The Portuguese gradually took control of the coastal area by a series of treaties and wars throughout the 16th century, and their interest in Angola quickly turned to the slave trade.
Image
Image
3. With the capital at Luanda on the coast, the Portuguese struggled against the kingdoms of Kongo, Ndongo, and Matamba to gain control of the interior. Image
Read 11 tweets
May 3, 2024
1. THE PRE-COLONIAL INXWALA CEREMONY OF THE NDEBELE PEOPLE OF ZIMBABWE 🇿🇼

Inxwala was a national ceremony for spiritual renewal and thanksgiving for the first fruits in the Ndebele kingdom. The main Inxwala came a lunar month after the conduct of the minor inxwala. Image
2. Once the date for the main inxwala was set, a clarion call was
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3. All roads would then lead to the capital. The people brought with them food, beer and oxen for slaughter. There were special oxen known as amamvubu, the hippo oxen. These oxen were regarded as sacred animals. It was believed that the king’s ancestral spirits lived in them. Image
Read 11 tweets

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