Ryan Hisner Profile picture
Aug 29, 2021 10 tweets 5 min read Read on X
1/10 This shouldn't even be a debate. Who could argue against this? Knowledge is the ultimate public good, & to restrict access to scientific papers to those at academic institutions w/subscriptions to journals is a crime.
2/10 Out-of-control, continually strengthening copyright & patent laws are an economic weapon wielded by the rich against the poor and by enormous, monopolistic firms against small firms. This is a major driver of inequality that receives scant attention.
cepr.net/technology-pat…
3/10 The alleged justification for strong IP laws is that they incentivize & facilitate innovation. But as @DeanBaker13 points out in his indispensable (& free) book Rigged, in their current form, IP protections greatly impede innovation. See Ch. 5 deanbaker.net/books/rigged.h…
4/10 How much has medical progress been stifled by the patent-driven secrecy under which private research is cloaked? And by the gross distortions that drive companies to pursue expensive, patentable treatments & ignore cheap, often greatly superior treatments? (Rigged, Ch. 5)
5/10 Apart from the baleful economic & scientific effects of our IP laws, it's worth considering some more indirect effects these laws have on public health. Patent monopolies unquestionable cause corruption in the pharmaceutical industry. @DeanBaker13 on the opioid crisis:
6/10 Understandably, the rampant corruptions & recurrent scandals in the pharma industry have led to public distrust. Skepticism about Big Pharma claims is of course justified, but it has led some to reject anything connected to pharma, including vaccines. statnews.com/2019/02/26/ant…
7/10 The anti-vaccine movement's claims are of course absurd & tremendously harmful to public health, but their outright rejection of all scientific evidence largely stems from the never-ending flow of pharma-industry scandals, which are a predictable result of patent monopolies.
8/10 There's been much discussion of how to combat misinformation during the pandemic, but little talk of one of the root causes: patent-monopolies. Public financing of drug research could eliminate patent monopolies & allow drugs to be sold at generic, free-market prices.
9/10 Until we reform our rotten, corrupt, patent-monopoly-driven pharma industry, public skepticism of even impeccable medical research will remain, and such distrust will continue to be exploited by charlatans & mountebanks peddling noxious nonsense, w/grave public consequences.
10/10 Chart in tweet #8 is from chapter 5 of @DeanBaker13's book 'Rigged.' The book is freely available in digital form, & an awesome intro into some of the most pressing economic issues of our time. Definitely give Ch. 5 a read if nothing else. deanbaker.net/books/rigged.h…

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
 

Keep Current with Ryan Hisner

Ryan Hisner Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @LongDesertTrain

Jan 2
Two quick notes on the state of chronic-infection SARS-CoV-2 seqs

#1) ~3 years after its peak, BA.1 is still showing up in nasal swab seqs—despite reduced surveillance—most recently a mid-late Dec BA.1 from Nebraska.

#2) Chronic JN.1 seqs now more common, w/1 peculiarity

1/12
While BA.1 still show up semi-regularly, pre-Omicron seqs are much rarer. Why? I think there are four major reasons, two obvious & two less obvious.

A) Time.
This one’s obvious: Over time, some chronic infections are cleared, while in other cases, the host dies.

2/12
B) Number of infections.

BA.1 infected more people, more quickly than any previous variant. More infections = more chances to establish long-term infection.
3/12 Image
Read 12 tweets
Dec 23, 2024
Fantastic review on chronic SARS-CoV-2 infections by virological superstars Richard Neher & Alex Sigal in Nature Microbiology. I’ll do a short overview, outline a couple minor quibbles, & defend the honor of ORF9b w/some stats & 3 striking sequences from the past week.
1/64 Image
First, let me say that this is well-written, extremely readable, and accessible to non-experts, so you should go read the full paper yourself, if you can find a way to access it. (Just realized it’s paywalled, ugh.) 2/64nature.com/articles/s4157…
Neher & Sigal focus on the 2 most important aspects of SARS-CoV-2 persistence: its relationship to Long Covid (including increased risk of adverse health events) & its vital importance to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants. I’ll focus on the evolutionary aspects.
3/64 Image
Read 64 tweets
Dec 6, 2024
In SARS-2 evolution, amino acid (AA) mutations get the lion’s share of attention—& rightfully so, as noncoding & synonymous nucleotide muts—which cause no AA change‚ are mostly inconsequential. But there are many exceptions, including a possible new one I find intriguing. 1/30
I’ll discuss four categories of such “silent” mutations, two of which might be involved in the recent growth of one synonymous mutation.

#1. Kozak sequence changes
#2. Secondary RNA structure
#3. TRS destruction/improvement
#4. TRS creation 2/30
Maybe the single most remarkable example of convergent evolution in SARS-CoV-2 involves noncoding mutations: the multitude of muts in major variants that have pulverized the nucleocapsid (N) Kozak sequence.
I wrote about this below & a few other 🧵s 3/
Read 33 tweets
Nov 24, 2024
@SolidEvidence There was yet another paper this week describing someone chronically infected, with serious symptoms, but who repeatedly tested negative for everything with nasopharyngeal swabs. On bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), they were Covid-positive. 1/ ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…Image
@SolidEvidence BAL is very rarely performed, yet there must be dozens of documented cases now where NP-swab PRC-negative patients who were very ill tested positive by BAL. This has to be way more common than we realize.

If we had a similar GI test, I imagine we'd find something similar. 2/
@SolidEvidence Importantly, the patient was treated and improved, likely clearing the virus for good. Many, maybe most, chronic infections could be treated and cleared. But they have to know they're infected for that to happen. 3/
Read 4 tweets
Nov 22, 2024
Superb thread here by @jbloom_lab that meshes well with what we've seen over the last few months in SARS-CoV-2 spike evolution: not much.

IMO, nothing significant has happened since the NTD-glycan-adding muts (T22N, ∆S31) & Q493E appeared. This 🧵 explains why. 1/6
Read full 🧵for explanation, but the short story is that the best apparent escape mutations all interact w/something else—like a nearby spike protomer or other important AA—making mutations there prohibitively costly.

In short, the virus has mutated itself into a corner. 2/6
It's very hard to effectively mutate out such a local fitness peak via stepwise mutation in circulation since multiple simultaneous muts might be required to reach a higher fitness peak. 3/6

Read 6 tweets
Nov 10, 2024
It's an interesting thought. I think the evidence is strong that all new, divergent variants have derived from chronic infections. The first wave of such variants—Alpha, Beta, Gamma—IMO involved chronic infections lasting probably ~5-7 months. It's controversial to say.... 1/15
…that Delta originated in a chronic infection, but I think the evidence that it did is strong. One characteristic of chronic-infection branches is a high rate of non-synonymous nucleotide (nuc) substitutions (subs)—i.e. ones that result in an amino acid (AA) change. 2/15 Image
For example, if 80% of nuc subs in coding regions cause an AA change, that’s a very high nonsynonymous rate. The branch leading to Delta has 17 AA changes—from just *15* nuc subs! That’s over 100%. How is this possible? 3/15
Read 15 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!


This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us!

:(