Ryan Hisner Profile picture
Aug 29, 2021 10 tweets 5 min read Read on X
1/10 This shouldn't even be a debate. Who could argue against this? Knowledge is the ultimate public good, & to restrict access to scientific papers to those at academic institutions w/subscriptions to journals is a crime.
2/10 Out-of-control, continually strengthening copyright & patent laws are an economic weapon wielded by the rich against the poor and by enormous, monopolistic firms against small firms. This is a major driver of inequality that receives scant attention.
cepr.net/technology-pat…
3/10 The alleged justification for strong IP laws is that they incentivize & facilitate innovation. But as @DeanBaker13 points out in his indispensable (& free) book Rigged, in their current form, IP protections greatly impede innovation. See Ch. 5 deanbaker.net/books/rigged.h…
4/10 How much has medical progress been stifled by the patent-driven secrecy under which private research is cloaked? And by the gross distortions that drive companies to pursue expensive, patentable treatments & ignore cheap, often greatly superior treatments? (Rigged, Ch. 5)
5/10 Apart from the baleful economic & scientific effects of our IP laws, it's worth considering some more indirect effects these laws have on public health. Patent monopolies unquestionable cause corruption in the pharmaceutical industry. @DeanBaker13 on the opioid crisis:
6/10 Understandably, the rampant corruptions & recurrent scandals in the pharma industry have led to public distrust. Skepticism about Big Pharma claims is of course justified, but it has led some to reject anything connected to pharma, including vaccines. statnews.com/2019/02/26/ant…
7/10 The anti-vaccine movement's claims are of course absurd & tremendously harmful to public health, but their outright rejection of all scientific evidence largely stems from the never-ending flow of pharma-industry scandals, which are a predictable result of patent monopolies.
8/10 There's been much discussion of how to combat misinformation during the pandemic, but little talk of one of the root causes: patent-monopolies. Public financing of drug research could eliminate patent monopolies & allow drugs to be sold at generic, free-market prices.
9/10 Until we reform our rotten, corrupt, patent-monopoly-driven pharma industry, public skepticism of even impeccable medical research will remain, and such distrust will continue to be exploited by charlatans & mountebanks peddling noxious nonsense, w/grave public consequences.
10/10 Chart in tweet #8 is from chapter 5 of @DeanBaker13's book 'Rigged.' The book is freely available in digital form, & an awesome intro into some of the most pressing economic issues of our time. Definitely give Ch. 5 a read if nothing else. deanbaker.net/books/rigged.h…

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More from @LongDesertTrain

Jul 7
Quick 🧵on previous variants that resemble the recent Ontario SARS-2 saltation variant that's now been detected in 4 sewersheds in NYC and one in Utah.

The practical impact of these variants ranged from ~zero to modest to major. 1/10

Background 🧵👇
• BA.2.87.1 - Appeared suddenly Sept 2023, spread across South Africa, & was detected in WW in Thailand. Then basically disappeared after Dec 2023 (apart from 1 seq collected in May 2024 from Eswatini). Emerged just when JN.1 was sweeping—bad timing. 2/
• BA.2.83 - One of several BA.2 saltation variants that emerged in late 2022. First appeared in India, then in Denmark, Canada, and Australia. Could not compete with BA.2.75 and BA.5 though and disappeared without making any real impact. 3/
Read 10 tweets
Jul 4
A mysterious, unusually diverse saltation lineage descended from KP.3.1.1 (last seen early 2025) has circulated at a low level for ~8 months in Ontario (see 🧵on next post).

Seemed a local anomaly, but @solidevidence just spied a weird spike in NYC WW—& it's the same one!
1/14
Here's a post I made a couple weeks ago when another Ontario sequence from this lineage showed up.

2/14
The remarkable diversity of this lineage raises questions about its origin and the conditions in which it spread and evolved.

Notably, the version detected in NYC wastewater is the same as the two most recent sequences from Ontario (long, bottom branch w/2 seqs below).
3/14 Image
Read 15 tweets
Jun 19
Wildly diverse branch of MC.10.1.7 (KP.3.1.1 descendant, died out early 2025) in Ontario.

It's apparently been circulating at a low level for the past year. ≥6 different people are represented here.

I think this must involve one or more chronic infections + transmission. 1/7 Image
• Busy 630 loop: ∆621-622 + NVFQ->IFPMAE at S:641-644.

• 2-nuc muts: W452K + D839K.

• Ultra-rare S2 insertion: ins791P

M:H155N, ORF1a:R3164H, & ORF3a:255-256 deletions cluster in chronics, often w/S:D936H/Y or ORF1a:L3201P. Intriguingly, D936Y was in the last seq.
2/7 Image
More info on this unusual branch can be found on the Github page for undesignated lineages, which Fede Gueli tirelessly and selflessly keeps up to date.

3/7github.com/sars-cov-2-var…
Read 8 tweets
Jun 10
Another fantastic preprint on BA.3.2's propensity for children, this time from @yunlong_cao & co.
They not only confirm the findings of David Ho's lab (that kids have ~0 antibody response to BA.3.2) but dig into the details of exactly why kids are so vulnerable to BA.3.2.

1/4
Two big wins for vaccination & mRNA vaccines:

1. Kids vaccinated before being infected have robust antibodies against BA.3.2

2. Unvaxed adults much more vulnerable to BA.3.2, esp. compared to mRNA-vaxed adults.

Read @yunlong_cao's 🧵 & very readable paper for details. 2/4 Image
There's still one major paradox here I can't wrap my head around: countries with the highest vaccination rates & the lowest proportion of children appear—very low sequencing makes hard conclusions difficult—to have the highest proportion of BA.3.2. 3/4
Read 6 tweets
Jun 4
New data from David Ho's lab showing that while adults & kids have ~equal antibody responses to XFG & NB.1.8.1, children have essentially no neutralizing antibodies to BA.3.2.

This seems to largely solve the BA.3.2 + kids mystery. 1/14 Image
If you've missed the story about how BA.3.2 (a novel, divergent saltation variant) is hugely overrepresented in sequences from children, this was my original (very quick) analysis, which subsequent data extended & confirmed. 2/
More details from this preprint. 50 is the limit of detection (i.e. zero). Nearly all kids under 7 had no detectable nAbs to BA.3.2, despite robust nAb titers against NB.1.8.1 & XFG.

Notably, most kids also had zero nAbs to ancestral D614G or XBB.1.5. 3/
biorxiv.org/content/10.648…Image
Read 14 tweets
Mar 26
So it's clear that BA.3.2 preferentially infects children, something we have never seen before in a SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Why?

The question's baffled me, but after a suggestion from Darren Martin, I think I have an explanation that makes sense.
1/16
I've tried to make sense of BA.3.2's penchant for kids by considering its unique spike: more compact, more closed, & more antibody-evasive than any other variant.

But I think another feature of BA.3.2 is responsible: its wholesale deletion of ORF7a, ORF7b, & ORF8 (∆ORF78).
2/
∆ORF78 is rare but not unheard of; it was in several late XBB variants (GW.5.1.1, FW.1.1, GE.1.2, etc) & a few branches of other variants. I've long thought these late XBB had an advantage in some population subsector, but I didn't suspect kids.
3/
Read 18 tweets

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