haltakov.eth πŸ§±πŸ”¨ Profile picture
Sep 14, 2021 β€’ 11 tweets β€’ 5 min read β€’ Read on X
Most people seem to use matplotlib as a Python plotting library, but is it really the best choice? πŸ€”

We are going to compare 5 free and popular libraries:
β–ͺ️ Matplotlib
β–ͺ️ Seaborn
β–ͺ️ Plotly
β–ͺ️ Bokeh
β–ͺ️ Altair

Which one is the best? Find out below πŸ‘‡
In a survey I did the other day, matplotlib had the most users by a large margin. This was quite surprising to me since I don't really like it...



But let's first look at each library πŸ‘‡
Matplotlib πŸ“ˆ

Matplotlib is one of the most popular libraries out there.

βœ… Supports many types of plots
βœ… Lots of customization options

❌ Plots look ugly
❌ Limited interactivity
❌ Not very intuitive to use
Seaborn πŸ“ˆ

Seaborn is built on top of Matplotlib, so it inherits many of its features.

βœ… Supports many types of plots
βœ… Plots look very nice

❌ Limited interactivity
❌ Not very intuitive to use
❌ You need to use maplotlib for many configurations
Plotly πŸ“ˆ

Plotly is a popular library for interactive visualizations.

βœ… Plots look nice
βœ… Lots of customization options
βœ… Easy to use (especially plotly express)
βœ… Great interactivity (even by default)

❌ Could be slow for big amounts of data
Bokeh πŸ“ˆ

Another cool interactive plotting library.

βœ… Plots look nice
βœ… Lots of customization options
βœ… Good interactivity (but not as good as plotly)

❌ Missing plot types (especially 3D)
Altair πŸ“ˆ

A less popular, but very interesting library based on the Vega project.

βœ… Plots look nice
βœ… Lots of customization options
βœ… Good interactivity (but not as good as plotly)

❌ Slow
❌ Cumbersome to use
❌ Embeds all data in the visualization leading to huge files
The Winner πŸ₯‡

My personal favorite is plotly. I like it because it is very easy to use, offers great interactivity by default and the plots look nice.

Furthermore, plotly also offers a JavaScript version, so it can be practical if you need to show some data on the web.
Now it's your turn...

Which Python plotting library do you prefer? Why? Have you tried plotly? Feel free to try to convince me that there is a better library! πŸ˜„
If you want to learn plotly I find the official documentation quite good. They also have lots of examples you can build on.

Start here: plotly.com/python/creatin…

This is a valid strategy, however, sometimes you just want to do a quick plot to visualize your data.

I think it is very important to keep the friction of displaying data to a minimum. Otherwise you just won't do it sometimes - a missed opportunity.

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More from @haltakov

Jul 5, 2022
Zero-Knowledge Proofs 0οΈβƒ£πŸ“˜

How can I prove to you that I know a secret, without revealing any information about the secret itself?

This is called a zero-knowledge proof and it is a super interesting area of cryptography! But how does it work?

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Let's start with an example

Peggie and Victor travel between cities A and B. There are two paths - a long path and a short path. The problem is that there is a gate on the short path for which you need a password.

Peggie knows the password, but Victor doesn't.

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Victor wants to buy the password from Peggie so he can use the short path.

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Launching a charity project for Ukraine πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡¦

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rescuetoadz.xyz

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@ianbydesign @RescueToadz @Unchainfund @cryptoadzNFT Trustless

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etherscan.io/address/0x5760…

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Mar 25, 2022
Dealing with imbalanced datasets 🐁 βš–οΈ 🐘

Real world datasets are often imbalanced - some of the classes appear much more often than others.

The problem? You ML model will likely learn to only predict the dominant classes.

What can you do about it? πŸ€”

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Example 🚦

We will be dealing with an ML model to detect traffic lights for a self-driving car πŸ€–πŸš—

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The problem ⚑

Imagine we train a model to classify the color of the traffic light. A typical distribution will be:
πŸ”΄ - 56%
🟑 - 3%
🟒 - 41%

So, your model can get to 97% accuracy just by learning to distinguish red from green.

How can we deal with this?
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Mar 22, 2022
Machine Learning Explained πŸ‘¨β€πŸ«

PCA

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It's a good example of how fairly complex math can have an intuitive explanation and be easy to use in practice.

Let's start from the application of PCA πŸ‘‡ Image
Dimensionality Reduction

This is one of the common uses of PCA in machine learning.

Imagine you want to predict house prices. You get a large table of many houses and different features for them like size, number of rooms, location, age, etc.

Some features seem correlated πŸ‘‡
Correlated features

For example, the size of the house is correlated with the number of rooms. Bigger houses tend to have more rooms.

Another example could be the age and the year the house was built - they give us pretty much the same information.

We don't want that πŸ‘‡
Read 16 tweets
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s this formula difficult? πŸ€”

This is the formula for Gradient Descent with Momentum as presented in Wikipedia.

It may look intimidating at first, but I promise you that by the end of this thread it will be easy to understand!

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The Basis ◻️

Let's break it down! The basis is this simple formula describing an iterative optimization method.

We have some weights (parameters) and we iteratively update them in some way to reach a goal

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Gradient Decent Update πŸ“‰

We define a loss function describing how good our model is. We want to find the weights that minimize the loss (make the model better).

We compute the gradient of the loss and update the weights by a small amount (learning rate) against the gradient.
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Mar 16, 2022
Machine Learning Formulas Explained πŸ‘¨β€πŸ«

For regression problems you can use one of several loss functions:
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β–ͺ️ MAE
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But which one is best? When should you prefer one instead of the other?

Thread 🧡 Image
Let's first quickly recap what each of the loss functions does. After that, we can compare them and see the differences based on some examples.

πŸ‘‡
Mean Square Error (MSE)

For every sample, MSE takes the difference between the ground truth and the model's prediction and computes its square. Then, the average over all samples is computed.

For details, check out this thread:


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Read 20 tweets

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