A thread about transitory vs persistent inflation and why persistent might be actually be winning.
This comes from @economics And it breaks down CPI by reopening and non-reopening components.
Of the 5.25% inflation rate in the last year, only 1.62% was reopening components.
1/6
Breaking it down for August we find that reopening CPI components (or transitory inflation) FELL by 0.22% while CPI non-reopening components (or persistent inflation) ROSE by 0.35%
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Detailing this we find that CPI non-reopening (persistent) components are surging to its highest monthly level since at least 2016.
Restated, this series of persistent inflation is trending higher, and is 78% of overall CPI.
3/6
The CPI reopening components (transitory) fell by the most since the lockdown.
Restated, this series of transitory inflation is falling and is just 14% of overall CPI.
4/6
So, why are the CPI reopening components falling? Is the Delta variant hurting the economy and sapping demand?
Consider these two charts.
Airline ticket prices collapsed by 9% annualized in August. Why? Because demand is also collapsing as measured by the TSA?
5/6
In sum transitory components are falling and their demand is off as Delta is hurting economic activity.
Meanwhile persistent inflation components are surging higher and higher.
Is this why stocks turnaround today? Weakening demand and higher inflation squeezing margins?
6/6
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The immediate pushback is familiar: this “supply shock” will hurt real growth, so the Fed should cut rates.
This well-known economist has been making exactly that argument.
3/4
That is only half the equation. A supply shock hurts growth, but it also raises inflation, so the real question is which side dominates.
In 2022, inflation rose more than real growth fell: the blue CPI line and arrow moved sharply higher while the green real-GDP bars and arrow moved modestly lower. The bottom panel shows the Fed’s answer: hikes, not cuts, as the federal funds rate moved from near zero in early 2022 to above 4% by year-end 2022.
Why? When inflation rises faster than growth falls, nominal growth (real GDP plus inflation) rises. If today’s oil shock does the same thing as 2022, the correct takeaway is not automatic cuts. It is possible that the Fed may have to stand pat or even consider hiking.
Ten seafarers have now been killed in 13 attacks on merchant vessels since the Iran conflict erupted on February 28 — more than the 7 U.S. servicemen killed in the war.
The focal point is shifting: can the Strait of Hormuz be reopened? Is the Administration pivoting to that mission?
Every day without a visible path to reopening, the market will price in more risk.
A 10% increase in energy prices that persists for a year would push global inflation up by 40 basis points and slow economic growth by 0.1-0.2%, International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said.
So, what price measures "persists for a year?"
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As the table below shows, crude oil futures prices for delivery into 2027 are trading in extreme backwardation.
3/5
Below is the calendar spread between the first contract (now April) and the 6th contract (now September).
As the bottom panel shows, this spread is -25%, a record since the mid-1990s when the contract specifications were last changed.