Summer 2021 was exceptionally hot when compared to a summer average from 1951-1980.
But it felt cold in large parts of Europe? This map must be wrong?
It turns out, 'how we feel' can be explained - without data, we are just opinions.
A thread...
Let's start by comparing summer of 2021 to a more recent average of 1981-2010.
Already looking less fiery and red. This basically tells us that the summers between 1981 and 2010 were warmer than those between 1951-1980.
But what about Summer 2021 vs the 21st century average so far?
The reds in western Europe erode and essentially we learn that the summer in 2021 was nothing special compared to this average (but is still considerably warmer than 1951-1980 average for example).
This is where it gets interesting though...
Summer 2021 is a good bit colder than the average of the last 3 summers for western Europe. We have had a lot of hot weather in recent years! Our perception of what is actually warm and cool has changed.
Essentially, a few hot summers recently makes this summer look quite cool. Basically, our 'cool' summer is still a lot warmer than what was considered normal 50-100 years ago for example.
Both maps show exactly the same underlying data
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Some places in Europe didn't just record their warmest February on record.... They went on to beat their warmest MARCH temperature levels.
[THREAD]
Effectively everywhere in the dark red shading smashed warmest February record - most by large margin. Austria 🇦🇹 has over 250 years of temperature record and nothing compares to this. Not even close.
BREAKING: Valencia 🇪🇸 has just scorched its previous heat record by a shocking +3.4°C
The new provisional record stands at 46.8°C (116.2°F). This is a huge record-break.
Before commenting.... please read the thread.
Historical record can be found here:
Simply select the variables you would like to check. This weather station has data since 1966. A lengthy period of observation to smash a record by such huge margin. https://t.co/JHyxNLmKZXaemet.es/es/servicioscl…
The final maximum to the decimal point may still change in final daily maximum but it is a clear record by large margin.
Please read through this thread... There is a lot of detail. The temperature dropped suddenly after the maximum and can be explained.
The Mediterranean is now completely outside all previous records. We have never measured this level of heat across the basin at any time of year.
It is only July. We usually see the annual maximum in August.
We could also be looking at a new world record in ocean heat from Manatee Bay (Florida). Please carefully read the excellent thread by @DrJeffMasters, there are a few uncertainties explained
Our oceans have been breaking heat records across the globe daily since March.
Excessive and sustained heat in the oceans can have enormous impact on many types of marine life. We have seen damaging marine heatwaves before, but not like this.
A short thread...
Let's start with the Mediterranean...
The Mediterranean Sea has never been this warm so early in the year (in modern record). The current heat is challenging some of the hottest moments which usually occur in August.
We know from past study that the some of the fiercest marine heatwaves (like 2003 and last year) led to mass mortality of some species in the Meditteranean