2/ Product portfolio:
• Liquid milk (72% of sales): Ultra milk, Ultra Mimi (for children), condensed milk
• Tea and health drinks (19% of sales): Jasmine tea, mung bean and tamarind drinks.
• Other (7.4% of sales): Production for 3rd parties such as Unilever
3/ Competitive position:
• Indonesia's largest dairy brand ("Ultra Milk") with 40% market share in liquid milk
• Strength in UHT milk, which has shelf life of 6-9 months at room temperatures (convenient)
• Also has a presence in RTD tea with Teh Kotak
4/ Market backdrop:
• Excellent demographics with population growth of 1%
• Indonesia's liquid milk consumption only 15 litres vs 56 litres in Malaysia
• Secular growth of ~10% per year, fastest of any FMCG segment in Indonesia
5/ Management:
• Family-run business, with Sabana Prawirawidjaja at the helm
• Under his leadership, revenues have 10x in 15 years
• Conservative communication and balance sheet
• Sabana has been buying shares in the open market recently
• 10% buyback in 2020
6/ Financials
• The long-term track record is excellent
• Management is guiding for 10% growth in 2021
• Also expressing optimism about the market
• Near-term margin pressure due to capacity expansion
• Competition is heating up but Ultrajaya dominates the UHT milk category
7/ Share price
• Historically, growth and share price performance has come in spurts after major capacity expansions
• Note that the Rupiah has been a weak currency with persistent inflation, causing share prices in nominal terms to look impressive
8/ Multiples
• Current multiples are low compared to historicals
• Peers trade closer to 17-18x
• But developed market peers don't enjoy the same underlying secular market growth. The move towards non-dairy alternatives is also much more prevalent in developed markets.
8/ Valuation
Assuming:
• 10% initial top-line growth in line with guidance
• Some margin pressure due to the planned construction of new production and distribution facilities
• A 20x P/E on 2024e earnings
Yields an upside of +72%.
9/ Risks
• Competition from the likes of Greenfields is heating up
• Raw milk price + Rupiah FX rates are volatile
• No-name auditor
• Minority shareholding in certain distributors
• Weak liquidity (~US$50k per day)
1/ Michael Burry made the argument that VIEs are fine because Mainland Chinese invest in them as well
I think there's more nuance to it than that
2/ In Anglo-Saxon countries, shareholders exercise their rights through a board of director, i.e. a single layer.
There is a legitimate chance of replacing underperforming, or straight-up corrupt management teams.
3/ In a VIE structure, you technically own a contract. You are not a shareholder at all.
You're a minority in a Cayman entity with limited voting rights. Who has contracts with an onshore entity that has a separate board. Controlled by a shadow board, i.e. a CCP committee.
1/ The market is convinced that AI will kill SaaS. That seems overly simplistic.
There's been carnage in Japan's SaaS sector, with babies clearly thrown out of the bathwater. That could signal opportunity.
2/ Citrini and others argue that AI agents will replace jobs, that coding will be commoditized and that traditional software will be rendered obsolete.
But in reality, software is more than just code. It's UX design, sales, support, maintenance and security.
3/ Even the disruptors aren't disrupting yet.
OpenAI still relies on Slack and Salesforce to run its business. If the creator of ChatGPT hasn't vibe-coded its way out of a subscription yet, it's unlikely that other enterprises will.
2/ High-profile names like Diageo, Pernod Ricard and Brown Forman are finally starting to show signs of life.
It could be due to hedge funds degrossing, but also signs of industry inventories peaking.
3/ The overall picture hasn't been great: in the Asia-Pacific, 30% of people report drinking less, while only 15% are drinking more. India being the only exception.
1/ Indonesia is conducting one of the largest land grabs in modern history.
Since March 2025, the government has seized over 4 million hectares of oil palm plantations. That’s an area the size of Switzerland, or roughly 30% of Indonesia’s total palm oil acreage.
2/ The justification? The government claims these plantations are in protected "forest zones."
But it looks more like outright nationalization. Assets are being transferred to a new SOE, "Agrinas Palma Nusantara," led by retired generals tied to President Prabowo.
3/ This will have broad ramifications. Indonesia produces 58% of the world’s palm oil.
With 30% of the country’s supply now under state control, palm oil prices are likely headed higher. Supply chains for everything from snacks to cosmetics will be affected.