Ultrajaya Milk (ULTJ IJ) elevator pitch (1/x) Image
2/ Product portfolio:
• Liquid milk (72% of sales): Ultra milk, Ultra Mimi (for children), condensed milk
• Tea and health drinks (19% of sales): Jasmine tea, mung bean and tamarind drinks.
• Other (7.4% of sales): Production for 3rd parties such as Unilever Image
3/ Competitive position:
• Indonesia's largest dairy brand ("Ultra Milk") with 40% market share in liquid milk
• Strength in UHT milk, which has shelf life of 6-9 months at room temperatures (convenient)
• Also has a presence in RTD tea with Teh Kotak Image
4/ Market backdrop:
• Excellent demographics with population growth of 1%
• Indonesia's liquid milk consumption only 15 litres vs 56 litres in Malaysia
• Secular growth of ~10% per year, fastest of any FMCG segment in Indonesia Image
5/ Management:

• Family-run business, with Sabana Prawirawidjaja at the helm
• Under his leadership, revenues have 10x in 15 years
• Conservative communication and balance sheet
• Sabana has been buying shares in the open market recently
• 10% buyback in 2020 Image
6/ Financials

• The long-term track record is excellent
• Management is guiding for 10% growth in 2021
• Also expressing optimism about the market
• Near-term margin pressure due to capacity expansion
• Competition is heating up but Ultrajaya dominates the UHT milk category Image
7/ Share price

• Historically, growth and share price performance has come in spurts after major capacity expansions
• Note that the Rupiah has been a weak currency with persistent inflation, causing share prices in nominal terms to look impressive Image
8/ Multiples

• Current multiples are low compared to historicals
• Peers trade closer to 17-18x
• But developed market peers don't enjoy the same underlying secular market growth. The move towards non-dairy alternatives is also much more prevalent in developed markets. Image
8/ Valuation

Assuming:
• 10% initial top-line growth in line with guidance
• Some margin pressure due to the planned construction of new production and distribution facilities
• A 20x P/E on 2024e earnings

Yields an upside of +72%. Image
9/ Risks

• Competition from the likes of Greenfields is heating up
• Raw milk price + Rupiah FX rates are volatile
• No-name auditor
• Minority shareholding in certain distributors
• Weak liquidity (~US$50k per day)

• • •

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More from @MikeFritzell

Jan 26
.@Nate93658762 suggested I read the annual report of Haad Thip HTC TB. Here's what I learnt Image
Haad Thip is a Coca-Cola bottler in Southern Thailand across 14 provinces. The typical brands, incl Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Minute Maid. Founded in 1969, two manufacturing plants. Seems to be a steady grower. 80% market share in sugar-sweetened soft drinks in the south. Image
91% sparking beverages and the rest non-carbonated (presumably Minute Maid). Image
Read 16 tweets
Jan 4
When should you sell, if ever?

Let's dig into the literature
Michael Price: sell when earnings growth is coming to an end, for example 1) when the return on invested capital is declining 2) business recessions are coming 3) industry cycles Image
Philip Fisher: "If the job has been correctly done when a common stock is purchased, the time to sell it is - almost never"

Exceptions: 1) you made a mistake in your original appraisal 2) the company ceases to qualify under the same appraisal method Image
Read 11 tweets
Aug 11, 2024
Loved the book Mao's America by @XVanFleet. It discusses the similarities between Marxism in the United States today and during the Cultural Revolution in China in the 1960s and 70s.

Here are the key takeaways from the book (1/x) Image
A core tenet of Marxism is about dividing people into groups: oppressors and victims. For example, capitalists exploiting workers, encouraging workers to engage in class struggle.

But in reality, Marxist ideas are used by power-hungry politicians to bring down their own enemies.
After the Communists took over, the party encouraged peasants to kill their landlords and take over their land. Yet just four years later, that same land was taken over by the government and turned into communes with poor incentive structures. Crops started failing.
Read 38 tweets
Apr 24, 2024
I wrote a post about how to spot deception, based on the book Spy the Lie by Phil Houston and two other co-authors.

Here are the key take-aways from the book: Image
When trying to get at the truth, you'll want to ask specific questions and then 1) listen and 2) look for reactions from the other person to that question.

These reactions will include verbal such as failure to answer the question and non-verbal such as touching your face. Image
Questions intended to figure out the truth should be short, simple, singular and straightforward. They have to be so clear that the person has no way out except telling the truth.

A prologue statement explaining why a question is needed can increase cooperation.
Read 14 tweets
Jan 12, 2024
Finally breaking even on my Substack after all personal expenses, after roughly 2.5 years. A huge weight lifted off my shoulders. And super grateful to be able to do what I love - turning over rocks in Asia.

I can't say that I've reached huge success, but a few lessons (1/8): Image
1. Write about a passion

If you manage money, you can easily take a few days off and read books or whatever.

If you're writing research, not so much. You'll feel pressure to produce. Which makes it super important that you have a passion for what you're writing.
2. Dominate your own niche

It's become crowded on Substack, and it was inevitable it was going to turn out that way. I'm no smarter than anybody, but luckily I managed to find a niche without too much competition.

You'll want to become *the guy* for your particular niche. Image
Read 10 tweets
Dec 23, 2023
On Egerton Capital's John Armitage's investment style, sourced from James Morton's 1997 book "Investing With the Grand Masters" (1/x) Image
BACKGROUND

• Started at Morgan Greenfell, where he ran the European Growth Trust beating practically all of his peers
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• Has managed money for George Soros
PORTFOLIO CONSTRUCTION

• Long/short strategy with varying net exposure
• Review portfolio each month as if starting from scratch
• Typically 40 stocks on the long side
• No position >8%, top 20 positions 65-85% of total value
• Top 10 positions uncorrelated
Read 10 tweets

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