Prices are increasingly less likely to be informative for understanding where Chinese economy is heading

The latest Evergrande bond deal (see link) is the likely template for all potentially systemic events ...
ft.com/content/d1f2a7…
Since the state essentially owns the financial sector, it will bank-roll debt rollovers via central bank if necessary

All of this will minimize price impact on financial assets - and hence financial contagion will be minimized ... this is likely to be the state's goal
So does that mean all will be well?

No, it just means that prices are no longer informative.

We need to look elsewhere to figure out the *real* health of the Chinese economy
I will point out two broad areas of concern.

First, real estate accounts for 29% of Chinese GDP according to Rogoff and Yang (link below)

This output critically depends on *new credit flows* into real estate sector
voxeu.org/article/can-ch…
It is this *quantity* of credit flow that really matters for output - and chances are that this flow will dry up, at least if the state's "three red lines" are going to have a bite.
So look at what happens to new capital formation in real estate, and relatedly consumer spending for households who own properties

These are the first big downside risks to focus on
The second area of concern is local government spending.

About 1/3 of local government revenue was from land sales, that source is likely to dry up fast. And local governments have over 8 trillion dollars of debt to pay back

So we are looking at local government austerity
More likely the central government will step in to provide support, but it is not going to be easy

In any event, focus on quantities , not prices when it comes to china

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More from @AtifRMian

20 Sep
Is Evergrande China's Lehman moment?

This question is quickly reaching cliche status, but is somewhat irrelevant.

First, a bit about Lehman, and then I'll talk about China ...
Lehman is at times seen as the "colossal error" that triggered the 2008 Great Recession (GR)

But this is a case where the narrative has sprinted ahead of reality

Of course Lehman did not help, nobody wants meltdowns

But the roots of GR ran much deeper
e.g. the decline in spending that resulted in GR was in full force *before* the fall of Lehman in Sep 2008.

NBER dates the start of GR as 4th quarter 2007

The collapse in residential investment was already in full swing in 2006, a full 2 years before Lehman
Read 6 tweets
17 Sep
China's real estate sector is facing serious rumbles, with potentially significant consequences

I'll explain how this is connected to the 2007/08 crisis, and historical lessons we can draw for China going forward ...

cnb.cx/3nCJWqs
On the eve of the 07/08 crisis, China's growth model was increasingly reliant on surplus exports to the rest of the world

the level reached 10% of GDP! This is an *incredibly* large number for a major economy
But the crisis changed all of that: the world (esp U.S. households) was no longer as willing to borrow and buy Chinese surplus.

We can see this in the remarkable and relatively quick contraction of +7% of GDP in China's external account
Read 9 tweets
2 Sep
Afghanistan is experiencing the mother of all "sudden stops"

i.e. economic collapse resulting from a sudden stop of foreign money that was financing a large trade deficit

Afghanistan was financing a trade deficit of ~ 25% of GDP
How large is 25%? It is about 3 times as large as the largest sudden stops in recent history such as east asia, southern europe, mexico etc.

And it gets even worse

~9B$ of their reserves have also been frozen, and there's no other credit line
So what happens when there's a sudden stop?

in the absence of foreign money, the only way left for the economy to balance its imports is to contract, i.e. GDP falls so demand falls, so imports fall

exchange rate devalues a lot too to cut imports
Read 5 tweets
28 Aug
What is savings?

We all know what it is at a personal level: I get 100$ check and might save 20$ out of it

But what is savings in the aggregate? Say for the world as a whole?

That's where it gets tricky.

e.g. people talk about a "global saving glut". But can we measure it?
Not really - at least not in a direct sense

The reason is that when a person (say Adam) "saves", someone else (say Eve) uses that saving, i.e. "dissaves", by borrowing it and spending it for one purpose or another

So, aggregate total saving is always exactly zero!
Now you might say, that according to the world bank worldwide saving is about 25% of GDP historically.

What is that number about?

Well it is just an accounting convention!
Read 11 tweets
24 Aug
This op-ed argues that Fed should tighten monetary policy to fight rising wealth inequality

That is not quite right - we shouldn't mistake the symptom for the disease

I'll explain my thoughts a bit more ...

bloomberg.com/opinion/articl…
Yes, it is true that low interest rates disproportionately help the wealthy

The value of assets, especially long-lived assets like land and large corporations, rise as interest rate falls

In fact the value rises even faster as interest rate falls from already low levels
Since it is the very rich who own most of the assets, a fall in interest rate makes them richer -

and this effect *really* snowballs as interest rates get near zero
Read 11 tweets
23 Aug
Some broad takeaways for development from 20 years of Afghan economic experience

The Afghan economy stalled in 2012 after foreign aid started receding from a high of about 50% of GDP.

The big injection of foreign money did not translate into sustainable growth. Why?
Because foreign money artificially raised domestic spending power - artificial in the sense that it was not associated with increased domestic productivity

We can see this in Afghan trade statistics. Imports rise three-fold, while exports are stagnant.
There was a temporary spending boom, that vanished when foreign flows dried up.

The spending boom is actually harmful when it is artificial, because it hurts exports via real exchange rate appreciation and other misallocations

It's a story that is unfortunately not atypical
Read 6 tweets

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