Alasdair Munro Profile picture
Sep 24, 2021 9 tweets 5 min read Read on X
It's over 3 weeks since schools reopened in England after summer - what's happening in the #COVID19 data?

I'll be honest with you, it's a mess

I've got no idea what's going on - the data is a bit baffling

Lets take a look... 🧵

1/
The headlines are mostly about PHE cases data

These have been increasing in most age groups since early August, with a slight flattening after reopening of schools, now rocketing in 10 - 15yo

Interestingly, sloping downwards in the <5s

Maybe a school effect on cases?

2/
We know the start of school based testing does botch the trends somewhat, which was always going to be difficult to disentangle

In contrast to case numbers, positivity is actually tanking, especially in people reporting symptoms

Increases in Rhinovirus etc boosting testing?

3/
More confusingly, the ONS paints a different picture again (although a week behind)

Rates didn't fall much in primary age children over summer at all, and are maybe up, or maybe flat?

Secondary school age dropped for summer and bumpy, but not going up since schools opened

4/
But the plot thickens further

Hospitalisations (which have been least labile to testing bias) *FELL* ~25% after schools opened (?recent uptick)

We don't have the disaggregation to see how this is influenced by the >15s rates dropping, but shouldn't be enough to explain it

5/
The concern has been from the increase in parent aged adults cases matching increases in those of school aged children, but increase office mixing and testing given circulating cold viruses could interfere?

The data is not conclusive

6/
So there you have it, clear as mud

We saw cases peaked very quickly in this age in Scotland, and with ~50% estimated to have already been infected, we may see the same in England

ONS will be interesting over the next few weeks

7/
BONUS TWEET

Great breakdown on this by @jburnmurdoch and @mroliverbarnes in @FT

“Case counts may be inflating the true level of infections among children in England”

ft.com/content/fbcd39…

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More from @apsmunro

Jul 28
Interesting rebuttal here from @VPrasadMDMPH to punches thrown initially by @adamcifu on the new masking RCT

Lots to like in this piece, but I believe Vinay is very wrong about something in a way that is difficult to see

The placebo effect

1/
open.substack.com/pub/sensibleme…
Vinay points correctly to the bias prone endpoint of self reported URTI symptoms and implies the entire difference between groups could be due to “the placebo effect”

The problem is, this is almost
certainly not a result of placebo

It’s detection or ascertainment bias

2/
Vinay describes as much in his piece, when he mentions different interpretations of vague symptoms between people with or without masks depending on their beliefs

Wear a mask and wake up tired? Probably nothing

Not been wearing a mask? Could be the start of something…

3/
Read 6 tweets
Jul 25
Incredible study 🇳🇴

RCT of surgical masks for reducing respiratory infections

Wearing a mask for 14d reduced onset of symptoms of respiratory infection (OR 0.71, 0.58-0.87)

Absolute risk difference of ~3%

What does this mean?

1/🧵
bmj.com/content/386/bm…
First, it shows RCTs of population implementation of interventions like masks is of course possible

In fact it is necessary and important to appropriately determine effect size

2/
Second, it shows surgical masks ARE effective at an individual level in the short term of reducing some respiratory infections

Excellent news - although we cannot delineate between respiratory viruses which may behave differently (long range aerosol vs contact etc)

3/
Read 5 tweets
Jun 10
New study of paxlovid for Post Acute Symptoms of Covid (PASC - also known as "long covid")

It's quite an interesting study actually

Here are my brief thoughts

1/🧵
jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
The rationale behind this is that some have postulated PASC could be due to viral persistence - SARS-CoV-2 hanging around when it should have been cleared

Anti-virals might help clear the virus and resolve symptoms

2/
The evidence base behind this theory is far from clear, but given the general mess of evidence in the field this seemed like a reasonable trial

It could also serve as possible therapeutic diagnosis (if it works, it gives evidence towards the possible cause)

3/
Read 9 tweets
Jan 11
A few interesting points of data which help us to evaluate some theories re Covid

1) RSV season is now ending in England with the most "normal" wave since the pandemic

Covid related immune problems causing more severe RSV is in the bin 🗑️

1/
assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/659fe802…
Image
2) Covid may be peaking (possibly plateauing) with the LOWEST prevalence (via mass testing survey) in all age groups being in school aged children

Schools being unsafe, children being disproportionately affected or spreaders of Covid is in the bin🗑️

2/
gov.uk/government/sta…
Image
3) Covid infection to hospitalisation rate by far the lowest we've seen during the pandemic

We can totally bin the idea Covid infections become increasingly severe, or of a meaningful increase in severity from current variants 🗑️🗑️🗑️

3/
Read 4 tweets
May 3, 2023
This article about masking and RCTs is extremely confused and appears to totally misunderstand everything about clinical trials

I will put to one side the dreadful title (which presumably the authors didn't choose) and explain some of the most important errors in thinking

1/ Image
First of all, the idea Science "couldn't" produce the answers we needed is false

We are perfectly capable of producing high quality, relevant clinical trials in this area

We just didn't

There are no excuses for this, it's a massive failure

2/ Image
Second, the idea that the RCTs asked questions they couldn't answer is also false

They set out to answer very specific questions, and they provided useful answers to those questions

If those are not the questions you WANT answered, then we need MORE trials to do that

3/ Image
Read 10 tweets
Jan 17, 2023
What's happening with GAS in the UK?

The surge has caused a great deal of anxiety and got a lot of attention

Quick update on the situation following new data and some great new analyses

1/🧵
alasdairmunro.substack.com/p/group-a-stre…
Updated data from UKHSA tells us a few things

Firstly, the data on scarlet fever is now not useful, as it basically just represents awareness

Probably massive overdiagnosis at the peak, no idea where it truly is now

2/
gov.uk/government/pub… Image
The data on invasive GAS (iGAS) is more useful as requires microbiological confirmation

Cases have been very high, but possibly flat or declining - difficult to know due to reporting lag, but this is the feeling on the ground

Case fatality still normal, most deaths >65y

3/ Image
Read 7 tweets

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