‘Case-by-case’ assessment is unlikely to be practical nor verifiable for entry into gender [sex] affected sports.
NGBs [national governing bodies] may wish to consider the following when determining the appropriateness of this:
> It has not been scientifically validated as to whether any parameters of physical capacity or ability can be defined with a certain cut-off point at which someone is considered appropriately ‘female’ or appropriately ‘male’.
> Many tests related to sports performance are volitional. This means a person must try their very best to get an appropriate measurement.
It is difficult to foresee how someone could be expected to provide maximal effort when a positive outcome for them relies on achieving a lesser result.
> Panel members are unlikely to be able to manage a situation in which their decisions can determine the suitability of some individuals, and not others. In the absence of a scientific rationale this places the panel members in a difficult situation.
> Case-by-case analysis may fall outside of the provisions of the Equality Act (whereby provision is for average advantage not individual advantage) and may be based on criteria which cannot be lawfully justified.
Some transgender people will be included, some will be excluded through criteria outside of their own control.
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Both @runthinkwrite and @Scienceofsport have provided excellent analysis of the pitfalls of case-by-case.
Here are Jon's extensive arguments against case-by-case:
And here is the summary of @SexMattersOrg response to England Rugby.
"The criteria by which the RFU proposes to screen individual transwomen who appear to undermine fairness for and the safety of female rugby players is not based on scientific evidence.
The assessment process lacks detail or qualifying guidelines, is inconsistent with existing RFU policies and is unworkable for those tasked with such screening and assessment.
Furthermore, the screening and assessment process will stigmatise individual transwomen while cementing sexist ideas of femininity.
This is what a mediocre male kick-boxer can do to an elite female kick-boxer.
You have a special duty, more than most other governing bodies, to protect your female athletes, as far as is possible within the spirit of the sport, from harm.
Those interviewees who supported inclusion of transgender people, often without any restriction or requirement, made very cogent arguments as to why others were wrong and that over time, they would be shown to have been on “wrong side of history”.
It was suggested that those transgender individuals who wanted to participate in sport were looking to feel part of something: They had often endured a difficult adolescence but perhaps sport was a significant part in their previous life, and they were reluctant to lose this.
The cervix is a region of the uterus. It has a unique cellular and tissue composition, mirroring its unique functions within the female sexual and reproductive cycle.
Here is a helpful diagram.
I have written about its development, structure and function here.