21 simple lessons on investing and money that changed my life.

I hope they do the same for you:
1. Only the best will do.

Have unreasonable standards for every company in your portfolio.

They must earn their keep.
2. If you lack the time or interest to research companies, you’re better off buying the index.

You'll sleep better at night.
3. Frugality: live way below your means.

You’ll enjoy a level of freedom that people busy upgrading their lifestyles can’t imagine.
4. Don't be a cheapskate.

The best companies usually hover between high to nosebleed valuations.

Be willing to pay up for quality.

Don't try to scrimp on a few dollars if you believe the company can be ten times bigger from here.
5. It’s not about whether something is over or undervalued.

Instead, it’s about your expected return over a period of time.
6. Average up.

Don't be afraid to add more to a position at a much higher price than your initial entry.

Reward the winners, cut the losers.
7. Monitor the companies you own, rather than the stocks.

Stop looking at the stock price 20 times a day.

It’s more productive to spend your time keeping up on the updates surrounding your companies and their industries.
8. Understand the clear difference between money, income, and wealth.

Money = a medium of exchange and nothing more.

Income = what you get in return for trading your time.

Wealth = what buys your freedom and gives you the power to choose how to spend your life.
9. When facts change, I change my mind.

When in doubt, I get the hell out, regardless of how much I’ve made or lost on the position.

Price anchoring is dangerous to long term wealth creation.
10. Never be afraid to buy a company that just doubled in 3 months.

It’s what the company will do from here that matters.

Once again, price anchoring is dangerous.
11. It’s not about how much I make or lose on individual stocks.

It’s about my total portfolio allocation and overall returns.
12. This is not a popularity contest.

I’m investing purely to grow my wealth.

Not to show that I was right or prove how smart I am.

The size of my ego is inversely correlated to the size of my returns.
13. My only loyalty lies with my capital.

Not with any specific company.

Never get married to my positions or opinions, no matter how much I love the business.
14. On desires and wants:

Being content in life and having fewer wants enables you to be happy in any situation.

It is not the man who has too little, but the man who craves more, that is poor.
15. On jealousy and envy:

There is nothing so disturbing to one’s well-being and judgment as to see a friend get rich.

Play your own game and mind your own business.
16. Read less financial news.

Read more 10-Ks.
17. Listen to less financial youtubers.

Listen to more earnings calls.
18. Only invest in businesses that excite you personally.

If you're not enthused by it after the initial study, pass.

Your portfolio should reflect your ideal vision of the future world.
19. On selling stocks:

Never exit just because the stock you bought tripled in 6 months.

I sell only if the facts change, or if I found a better use for my capital.
20. Don't talk about your positions publicly.

It adds unnecessary pressure and commitment.

Also makes it much harder for you to change your mind in future.
21. Pick an investment vehicle that suits your personality and lifestyle.

The best investing strategy is not the one that brings you highest returns.

It’s the one you can stick with consistently.
If you found this useful, then follow me here at: @heymaxkoh

I share how I attained financial freedom before age 30, by buying and owning great businesses.

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More from @heymaxkoh

6 Oct
I was down $200k in a day in May 2021.

But I slept like baby.

NO, I lied! It was painful to watch.

But I survived. My portfolio emerged stronger.

Here's 7 key lessons learnt that made me a wiser investor.

(*I hope this helps you endure the market correction happening NOW)
1. Think like an owner

No owner wakes up every morning asking questions like:

"how much am I worth today?"

"how much more or less is my business valued today vs yesterday?"

Instead, they focus on their business.

As an investor, you're a part owner too.

Behave like one.
2. Dislodge stock price from the business

The stock is NOT the business.

Real business change is slow.

It takes time. Doesn't happen overnight.

But stock prices can rise and fall sharply within minutes.

Don't fall for the illusion.
Read 10 tweets
5 Oct
How I saved my first $100k.

In 2015, I had less than $8k in savings when I started my first job.

3 years later, I saved my first $100k.

Here's how I did it:
1. Don’t expect it to be linear

At the start, my savings were low.

Because my salary wasn't high, it was impossible to save much.

Over time, it grew exponentially as my income grew.

Here’s the figures:

Year 1: $16k
Year 2: $37k
Year 3: $60k

Expect it to be slow at first.
2. Have an expense goal

I do this at the start of each year.

Set a limit on how much $$ you plan to spend in the year at most.

Then I divide that by 12.

This tells me how much $$ I'm allowed to spend each month.

It helps to cap my expenses.
Read 17 tweets
4 Oct
I'm lucky to attain financial freedom before 30.

I credit Fintwit for my learnings.

Here's 10 key concepts every investor must know:

1. $$ needed to retire
2. Researching a business
3. Reading annual reports
4. Reading earnings calls
5. Criteria of a multi bagger

(Read on...)
6. Holding a multi bagger
7. Economic moats
8. When to buy a stock
9. Earnings vs cashflow
10. Traits of quality companies

Here's my 10 favourite threads on these concepts:
1. How much $$ do you need to retire

Before you start, you must know the end game.

To meet your retirement goals...

How much $$ do you need in your portfolio?

10-K Diver does a good job explaining what's a safe withdrawl rate.

Hint: It's NOT 4%.
Read 14 tweets
1 Oct
How do you fire a long time employee?

And without looking like an a**hole?

For leaders and managers...

Here's my personal guide to firing a team member:
Before we begin, some background...

• I will share what I did, from experience

• I've only needed to execute 3 fires in my career, fortunately

• I'm a General Manager of an 8 figure digital marketing company in Singapore

Take what works for you. Dump the rest.

Let's go:
1/ Be mentally prepared to look like an ass

You have your own reasons to fire her.

It's likely logical to you.

But she could see things a different way.

As a leader, there are times you'll be deeply misunderstood.

It's part of the terrain.

Welcome to management.
Read 18 tweets
30 Sep
Investing is about connecting the dots.

Many investors fail terribly at this.

So here's a thread on developing Pattern Recognition:
When starting on my investing journey at first...

I only read about the companies that

i) I already owned, or

ii) planned to own
I tuned out all the rest that did not fall into either of the two buckets.

Bad move.
Read 25 tweets
29 Sep
Why you do NOT need to quit your 9-5 job to get wealthy?

Read on...
Because you can marry someone rich. Kidding.

The real reason has to do with:

1. the type of job you pick

2. find other ways to own equity beyond starting a business.

Let's dig deeper...
FIRST: Get a job whose outputs do not match inputs.

Here's why:
Read 24 tweets

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