The rationale for dating Baudhayana to ~1800 BCE is that he was near contemporary to the well known Indo-Iranian schism which happened around 2000-1800 BCE.
A small list of results by Madhava and/or his disciples which was transmitted to Europe through Jesuit scholar-missionaries sometime between 1580-1600 CE.
Otto Neugebauer(1899–1990) is regarded as the foremost historian of science. His guiding principle is this-Unlike soft sciences, it is UNLIKELY that complicated mathematical models can be replicated by two cultures independently.
His student is the famous David Pingree. This man's life mission was the subordination of the Siddhanta tradition of India under the purported primacy of the Greek. His conclusions & fantasies are rampantly circulated as mainstream history,even among Indians. How does he do this?
1. Use Neugebauer's law to argue that the similarities between the Ptolemaic and Siddhanta astronomy is because of flow of knowledge.
2. Use this as 'proof' of Greek primacy.
3. Claim that Aryabhatta and Varahamihira learned astronomy & trigonometry from Hipparchus & Ptolemy!
-State shall constantly expand & hunt new capital
-Economic activity=revenue & prosperity
-Keep private sector out of critical areas
-Free trade & foreign goods benefit citizens
-Centralization & standardization
-Low taxes~20%
The Father of Economic thought
In an ideal world Adam Smith & Karl Marx should be compared to Kautilya. Not the other way around. This is not one man's ideas. This is most ancient statecraft & accumulated wisdom inherited from one of the three cradles of civilization-Sindhu-Saraswathy.
Why should India-and the world-be perpetually stuck in the violent 'Socialism vs Capitalism' paradigm? Why are the complexities & possibilities of the world restricted like this ? Why should the standards and definitions be immutably fixed in their colonial forms?
"There is an unoriginated, uncompounded, unformed. Otherwise, O mendicants, there is no escape from the world of the originated, compounded and formed"
Udana VIII.3
Buddha realized his ethical precepts collapse without assuming an anchor, a Thing-in-Itself.
He thus endorsed the prevailing notions of dhamma & Karma almost in toto. Thus, he failed to make any distinction between faith & philosophy. But he left behind a powerful concept for his successors to build on-
"Bhava-nirodha nibbānaṃ"- "To withdraw from the Flux, is nirvana"
"All are impermanent-body, perception, thoughts & consciousness."
Buddha does not accept the "Self" elaborately described in the upanishads as the "Thing". Even 'consciousness' does not escape flux.
Then what is the "Thing-in-itself"?
Buddha answers only by Silence & Negations
Me: "Grandma! What is the rational reason for altruism? Evil is thriving in this world. Why should I be a good person? You have a responsibility to guide me!"
Grandma:"Mone, don't you want to go to heaven?"
😭I have to parent myself
The Equation of altruism
The same question troubled George Price, theoretical biologist, for years. Finally he discovered the mathematical basis of Altruism. In this simplified form it means- The greater the genetic distance, the lesser the chance of altruistic behavior.
When the equation's implications strike you, the ruthlessness of evolution & much of global human nastiness is clear
George, depressed, spent the rest of life BREAKING his own equation. He even brought beggars home.
Suicide
Good man Kind man Wise man
May the void embrace you
"If a thing is truly infinite, can it really have finite parts?
Are discrete points of infinity potentially infinite?"
Adi Shankara
730 CE
"Thank you Shankara. Mathematically I found that when the variable attains its maximum value, the differential vanishes"
Bhaskara II
1150 CE
Without doubt, modern math emerged from Indic philosophy. The world needs to accept this. Math is being taught without the foundation of *correct* philosophies that inspired it. Worse, it is taught with *wrong* church ideals & fake stories like falling apples & naked Archimedes.
I could detect a possible connection with my limited reading. If mathematicians & Sanskrit scholars work together, we can decipher the axiomatic rationale behind Bhaskara & Madhava. How did their minds work?
India has the potential to alter the philosophy & direction of Science
I am astonished by the Sanskrit scientific vocabulary, my heritage, I was denied.
"ജാലികാസിരവിന്യാസം, സമാന്തരസിരവിന്യാസം എന്നിവ തരം തിരിക്കുക"
I can't even understand what botanical concept that stands for! I never thought I'd be reading a middle school textbook this eagerly.
These students are doing more for preserving our heritage than most of us can ever do in a lifetime. The least we can do is strive to create a society where they are not discriminated or disadvantaged in any way.