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Oct 31, 2021 10 tweets 12 min read Read on X
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Celebrating #Halloween 🎃👻 with some ancient monsters. Let's start with the Gorgon, perhaps the best-known monster from Classical Mythology. The snake-haired Medusa was one of the three Gorgons. Anyone who looked at her face was turned to stone.
#ClassicalMonsters
The Minotaur was a bull-headed monster that devoured human flesh deep within the twisting maze of the Labyrinth. It was the offspring of the Cretan Queen Pasiphae and a snow-white bull. The monster was eventually slain by the Athenian hero Theseus.
#ClassicalMonsters #Halloween
The Ketos was a huge sea creature sent by Poseidon to ravage the land of Aethiopia after Queen Kassiopeia boasted that her daughter Andromeda was more beautiful than the Nereids. Perseus slew Ketos to save Andromeda from being sacrificed to it.
#ClassicalMonsters #Halloween
Typhon was the most powerful of all Greek monsters. He was a winged giant with the head, arms, and torso of a man, had pointed ears, a filthy beard, and his bottom half consisted of two coiled serpents. He was the source of devastating storms.
#ClassicalMonsters #Halloween
The Chimera was a ferocious fire-breathing hybrid monster from Lycia in Asia Minor. It is usually depicted with a lion body, a goat head on its back and a tail that ends with a snake's head. The Chimera was killed by Bellerophon.
#ClassicalMonsters #Halloween
Polyphemus was a one-eyed man-eating Cyclops giant. In an episode of Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus encounters Polyphemus, gets him drunk on wine, and drive a small sharpened stake into Polyphemus' only eye, blinding him.
#ClassicalMonsters #Halloween
Scylla was a sea monster who haunted one side of a narrow channel of water (Strait of Messina), opposite her counterpart Charybdis. Ships that sailed too close to Scylla would lose men.
The idiom between Scylla and Charybdis derives from their myths.
#ClassicalMonsters #Halloween
The Hydra was a serpent-like water monster with many heads. It was so poisonous that it could kill men with its breath. The Hydra of Lerna was killed by Hercules as the second of his Twelve Labours.
#ClassicalMonsters #Halloween
Cerberus was a monstrous watchdog with three heads that guarded the entrance to the underworld. He devoured anyone who tried to escape Hades, and refused entrance to living humans, though Orpheus gained passage by charming him with his lyre.
#ClassicalMonsters #ClassicsHalloween
The Griffin was a bird-like beast with the head and wings of an eagle (sometimes wingless) and the body of a lion. It was a favourite decorative motif in the in the Levant and Mediterranean lands.
#ClassicalMonsters #Halloween

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More from @carolemadge

Mar 31
Messene… what an amazing site!! This is a hidden gem, truly extraordinary. 😍

The first evidence of human activity in Ancient Messene goes back to the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. A residential settlement of the 9th-8th century BC is detected at the Asklepieion while at the same time the sanctuary of Zeus Ithomatas is operating on the top of mount Ithome. The Messenian wars and the continuous uprisings of the Messenians against the dominant Spartans took place during the 8th-5th century BC.

In 369 BC, the Theban general Epaminondas ended the long Spartan occupation and founded the city of Messene, bringing back the exiled Messenians from Italy (Rhegium), Sicily (Zankle-Messene, Messina) and Cyrenaica (Euesperides). The new Messenian capital was founded in the foothills of Mount Ithome, a place inextricably linked to the local political and religious history.

The city was named after the mythical queen Messene and developed into a notable political, religious and cultural centre mainly during the Hellenistic and Early Imperial years (3rd century BC-1st century AD).

From the 3rd century AD, the city declined and shrank in size. However, during the Early Byzantine years (5th-7th c. AD) until the beginning of the 15th century AD, Messene remained a remarkable centre in the southwestern Peloponnese, known from the written sources of the 10th century AD, and thereafter under the name “Vourkano".

The traveller Pausanias visited the city between 155 and 160 B.C. and recorded significant information regarding its form and all public and holy buildings.
theoi.com/Text/Pausanias…Image
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Arcadian Gate


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Fountain of Arsinoe


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Read 10 tweets
Mar 6
🧵 In early AD 124, Hadrian toured Bithynia in Asia Minor. After sailing along the southern Black Sea coast, possibly visiting the Pontic towns of Amisus, Sinope and Amastris, Hadrian is thought to have spent the winter of 123/4 in Nicomedia or possibly Byzantium.

Nicomedia was the capital of the dual province of Pontus et Bithynia in what is now Izmit in northern Turkey. It was also the hometown of his lifelong friend Arrian, who may have been his host on this occasion, like in 117/8.

During his stay in the Bithynian province, the Emperor probably visited several major cities, including Heraclea Pontica, Claudiopolis (former Bythinium), Prusias ad Hypium and Nicaea. During one of these visits, Hadrian probably met Antinous, a beautiful young Greek boy who would accompany him on his many travels as a cherished lover and companion.

Early AD 124 – Hadrian spends the winter in Nicomedia, tours Bithynia and "meets" Antinous
👉
#Hadrian1900followinghadrian.com/2024/02/27/ear…Image
Nicomedia and Nicaea were only just recovering from the damage caused by an earthquake. The date of this earthquake is not certain. It probably took place in the fifth year of Hadrian's reign in 121, between August and December, as stated by Eusebius, but definitely before Hadrian visited the area in 124. Saint Jerome places it in the 224th Olympiad, the fourth year of Hadrian's reign, AD 120.

"After an earthquake had happened, Nicomedia lay in ruins, and many things were overturned in the city of Nicaea: for the reconstruction of which, Hadrian generously gave funds from the public treasury."
Jerome, Chronicle 180

Hadrian took special care of the province and contributed to the reconstruction of both cities, as suggested by the new set of coins celebrating Hadrian as Restitutor Bithyniae and Restitutor Nicomediae. Nicomedia also added the epithet 'Hadriane' (Ἁδριανή) to its titulature to express its gratitude (CIG 1720).Sestertius of Hadrian of the “restitutor type” with the legend RESTITVTORI BITHYNIAE on the reverse. © The Trustees of the British Museum
Sestertius of Hadrian of the “restitutor type” with the legend RESTITVTORI NICOMEDIAE on the reverse. © The Trustees of the British Museum
Hadrian is credited with reconstructing city walls, gates and markets in the two neighbouring towns, which had a long rivalry over which city held the rank of capital of the province. Nicomedia was the metropolis or 'first city' of Bithynia and wanted to be the only city claiming the title, which Nicaea also claimed. Hadrian also entrusted Patrocles, a Bithynian who had commanded two Roman cohorts, with overseeing the reconstruction of his native Nicaea (IK Iznik 56).


"[Hadrian] surrounded with strong walls Nicaea and Nicomedea, which had suffered in an earthquake."
Niceph. 256/i. 944epigraphy.packhum.org/text/277836?&b…The city walls of Nicomedia.
Read 24 tweets
Oct 19, 2023
[New post] Autumn AD 123 – Hadrian reaches Trapezus and sails westwards along the Pontic coast #Hadrian1900
followinghadrian.com/2023/10/19/aut…
After his inspection tour of the eastern frontier provinces, Hadrian travelled through the Pontic mountains to the Black Sea port of Trapezus (present-day Trabzon), the northernmost end of the Cappadocian limes. Trapezus was one of the furthest points reached by Hadrian, and in the AD 130s, his friend L. Flavius Arrianus, as governor of the province of Cappadocia, would report on his visit, following in the footsteps of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand.

"We came in the course of our voyage to Trapezus, a Greek city in a maritime situation, a colony from Sinope, as we are informed by Xenophon, the celebrated historian. We surveyed the Euxine sea with the greater pleasure, as we viewed it from the same spot, whence both Xenophon and yourself had formerly observed it."
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Xenophon and his later great admirer Arrian both described Trapezus as a Greek city settled on the sea and as a colony of Sinope. Eusebius, who lived in the 4th century AD, dated the foundation of Trebizond as 756 BC but may refer to an early emporium (a place of fishery and commerce) in the territory of Colchis. Settlers from Sinope of Paphlagonia (colonists from Miletus), a Greek city on the southern shore of the Euxine (Black Sea), about 400 kilometres to the west, refounded the city around 630 BC with the aim of trading with an inland tribe, the Mossynoeci, and taking advantage of the rich metal region of the east Euxine trade network (Doonan, 2010).

The city was laid out on a flat rock overlooking the sea and protected on either side by deep ravines, the shape of which occasioned the name of Trapezous, from the Greek word trapeza (“τράπεζα”), signifying a table. The table appears on the reverse of the city’s first coins minted in the 4th century BC, surmounted by a huge bunch of grapes. The obverse bears the head of a young bearded man, thought to represent the god Hermes. The town’s name has varied over the centuries: Trapezous, Trebizond, Trebisonda, Trapezunte, Tarabzundah and Trabzon.
A silver drachma coin from Trapezus (Trapezus) with the head of a bearded male (Hermes?) on the observe and a table with grapes on the reverse. The ethnicon TPA appears between the legs of the table. Dated to the 4th century BC. © The Trustees of the British Museum
Read 25 tweets
Aug 3, 2023
#GeorgiaOdyssey Day 3 - Today, we visited Gelati Academy and Monastery, built by King David the Builder in 12th century AD. Gelati was the center of spiritual and scientific life of the Middle Ages, the tomb of Georgian kings, and the cult place for pilgrims. It is under UNESCO… https://t.co/tSbujVz76utwitter.com/i/web/status/1…



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Read 8 tweets
Jul 27, 2023
#RuinoftheDay - The remains of the Temple of Hadrian at Cyzicus in Mysia, the eighth wonder of the ancient world. The Temple was a monumental structure; it measured 120 m in length and 50 m across. The sixty massive columns surrounding the cella were well over 2 m in diameter and… https://t.co/enPO1tYtEKtwitter.com/i/web/status/1…



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The Byzantine chronicler John Malalas called the Temple of Hadrian at Cyzicus “a very large temple, one of the wonders" with a very large bust of Hadrian on the roof and a marble stele inscribed "of Divine Hadrian". (Malalas, Chronography Bks 1-7, 10-18)

Cassius Dio called it… https://t.co/J5BDTaVjBCtwitter.com/i/web/status/1…
More architectural fragments (lion-headed marble gutters) from the Temple of Hadrian can be seen at the nearby open-air museum in Erdek.

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Read 5 tweets
Mar 9, 2023
I saw the wonderful Apollo Kithara by Jeff Koons yesterday at the Liebieghaus in Frankfurt. The polychromed and animatronic sculpture is a version of the Apollo Kitharoidos from Cyrene in the British Museum. Music from @AncientLyre accompanies the presentation, layered with… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Apollo Kitharoidos (holding a lyre), a 2nd century AD Roman copy of a Hellenistic original of about 200-150 BC. From the Temple of Apollo at Cyrene (modern Libya).
British Museum, London.
britishmuseum.org/collection/obj… Image
The "Apollo Kithara" by Jeff Koons is presented as part of the MACHINE ROOM OF THE GODS exhibition at Frankfurt's Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung.
liebieghaus.de/en/machine-roo…
Read 4 tweets

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