There was no retirement for the ancient noble warriors! I will compile in this thread examples of European commanders who died on the battlefield fighting at a very old age, very inspiring read about displays of true courage that never grew old!
While the warrior knights often trained as hard as athletes, they were even more than just athletes. For many of them, there was no retirement and fought hard even in the old age, always seeking that glorious death on the battlefield.
Even as old commanders many did not just command units around in battles, they often died in battles themselves, leading their armies like the true inspiring veterans that they were, commanding immense respect among their men!
Continue reading for some examples...
1) Stanisław Żółkiewski, the heroic Polish hussar commander and the hero of the famous Battle of Klushino. He died fighting in 1620 aged 73 during Polish defeat to Ottomans at Cecora. To proud to flee from enemy, he REFUSED to retreat, staying with the rearguard to die fighting.
2) The legendary "English Achilles", "Terror of the French" John Talbot. Killed in 1453 at the Battle of Castillon leading army against the French, aged 66. His horse was killed by a cannonball and trapped trapped underneath his animal and a French knight killed him with an axe!
Talbot didn't wear any armor or weapons commanding his troops at Castillon as years ago he was captured by French and had promised he would never wear armor again against French king. A chivalrous knight, he kept that promise but still got to battles unarmed riding a white pony!
3) Bishop of Arezzo Guglielmino degli Ubertini. Died in the battle of Campaldino in 1289 aged 70 years old, commanding the Ghibellines of Arezzo against the Florentine Guelphs. Hardened veteran of war and a ruthless military commander, he was the one seeking this battle himself!
Guglielmino degli Ubertini wanted to protect his lands in the Casentino area at all costs and was willing to face the superior Guelph force at Campaldino. This led to his demise as his army was defeated and he defiantly died during the battle struck with a blow to the head.
4) Roberto Sanseverino d'Aragona. Veteran Italian condotierro mercenary warrior who had been employed for wars by all the big Italian cities through his career. Aged 69 he died in service of Venice fighting the ferocious Landsknechts in the Tyrolean mountains in 1487 at Calliano.
5) Nicholas of Salm. The Flemish warrior in the service of the Imperial cause, he was an old veteran of both the Burgundian and Italian Wars, and had fought since the age of 17. In 1529, aged 70, he was called for one last battle, the defense of Vienna against 100.000+ Ottomans!
Nicholas of Salm arrived to Vienna with small but elite force of hardened Landsknecht mercenaries from Italy and defended the city against all odds. During the vicious siege he was wounded by a falling rock and died months later, ending his illustrious fighting career since 1476.
These men prove that you're never too old to die a hero.
If you know any more examples please add them in comments.
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This is the Mercedes-Benz W125 Rekordwagen made in 1937.
I was always fascinated with this car.
It's crazy how in 1938 this car recorded a speed of 432.7 km/h (268.9 mph). This remained the fastest ever officially timed speed on a public road until broken in 2017.
The record was set by German driver Rudolf Caracciola who drove this car on the Reichs-Autobahn A5 between Frankfurt and Darmstadt on 28 January 1938.
This reflected the obsession with breaking records and showcasing industrial prowess of nations at the time.
The onlookers who observed the spectacle of a car racing at astonishing 432.7 km/h past them also noted the brutal boom of the side spewing exhaust stacks as the silver car hurtled past.
It must have been an incredible spectacle to witness!
Hussite war wagons proved so effective that within 100 years this tactic spread from Bohemia all the way to India!
In 1526 Mughal Emperor Babur employed war wagons to win the First Battle of Panipat.
A short thread on how this style of warfare spread over the world. 🧵
The tactic of "wagenburg" (wagon fort) was adopted in the Hussite Wars (1419-1434) by the Hussites, a religious movement which fought armies of crusader knights from all over Europe.
The use of such war wagons enabled them to withstand the cavalry charges of armored knights.
The purpose of these war wagons was not just to present an obstacle for the cavalry but also to give handgunners protection to fire their weapons at the enemy.
The main weakness of handguns at the time was the long reloading time, during which handgunners were vulnerable.
There was a scene in the movie Lord of the Rings where they light signal fires to warn of an attack.
But this is how the defense system of Habsburg lands actually worked against the Ottoman threat!
A network of bonfires was in place to warn people of incoming Ottoman raids. 🧵
In the Lord of the Rings these are called the Beacon-hills of Gondor.
They are permanently manned stations across the hills where great fireplaces are kept in the state of readiness.
In this manner, people all over the kingdom can be informed of an attack quickly.
People might think this is something that belongs to the fictional world, but in 15-16th centuries the Habsburgs actually established a similar system like this.
The mountainous regions of Carniola and Styria offered many good strategic positions!
In 1927 Benito Mussolini ordered to drain the Lake Nemi south of Rome to recover the wrecks of the Nemi ships, two large pleasure barges built under the reign of the Roman emperor Caligula.
Unfortunately the remains of the ships were destroyed by fire in 1944 during WWII.
It is speculated that Nemi ships were elaborate floating palaces, with mosaic floors, heating and plumbing, baths, galleries and saloons, as well as a large variety of vines and fruit trees, similar to other Caligula's galleys described by Suetonius!
Lake Nemi is a volcanic lake which was popular by wealthy Romans due to clean air and uncontaminated water and cooler temperatures during the hot summer months.