1/6
No big surprise: foreign holdings of Chinese stocks and bonds continue to rise, with bond purchases now outpacing stock purchases.

ft.com/content/9f281d…
2/6
I think this trade continues to make sense for at least another year, especially in the case of Chinese government bonds, in part because in the past two years, and probably for at least another year, it has been part of a virtuous circle.
3/6
The combination of financial inflows and trade inflows (with surging trade surpluses in recent months) means that the RMB is likely to continue appreciating, and an appreciating currency of course encourages more inflows, which in turn puts more upward pressure on the RMB.
4/6
Of course virtuous circles can easily become vicious circles, in which outflows lead to depreciation which in turn encourages further outflows, but it's worth noting that international investors own $1.1 trillion of liquid Chinese securities, against which the PBoC...
5/6
has $3.2 trillion in reserves and another $1 trillion in "indirect" reserves. That means that even if a substantial fraction of foreign investors suddenly head out, this can quite easily be absorbed out of indirect reserves before the PBoC would need explicitly to intervene.
6/6
Once foreign holdings of liquid securities approaches 50% of the available reserves, however, I'd start to become more cautious.

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More from @michaelxpettis

10 Nov
1/10
It's strange – but probably not surprising – that a number of Chinese economists are worried that attempts by Beijing to control the rise in property- and infrastructure-related debt "is eroding the foundation of China‘s long-term success."
scmp.com/economy/china-…
2/10
In fact it isn't. It is enhancing the foundation of China‘s long-term success. If this debt supported real growth in the economy's productive capacity, then over the medium term the ratio of debt to GDP should have been constant, or even declining.
3/10
But if it mostly funds investment, the fact that it is growing much faster than GDP, and has been for 15 years, suggests much of this investment supports non-productive economic activity. This "inflated" growth (to quote Xi Jinping) must undermine "genuine" growth.
Read 10 tweets
7 Nov
1/4
In October, for the seventh month in a row, Chinese exports grew by more than consensus expectations (27%), and imports by less (21%), for a staggering $84.5 billion trade surplus in October.
scmp.com/economy/china-… via @scmpnews
2/4
Consensus expectations were for a surplus a little below last month's $66.8 billion. This is China's biggest monthly trade surplus in the past four years (for which I have monthly data) and probably the biggest China has ever recorded, equal to a whopping 5.8% of China's GDP.
3/4
The trade surplus year to date is equal to roughly 3.6% of China's GDP. The fact that the trade surplus has risen every month since March would have been much less of a surprise to most analysts if they had recognized that the weak recovery of household income and...
Read 4 tweets
7 Nov
1/12
Sorry for another long post but I’ve had several responses to this thread arguing that this cannot apply to Germany because German wages are higher than those of most of their trade partners. That may be true in absolute terms, but what matters is relative wages.
2/12
For example absolute German wages may be higher than absolute Spanish wages, but so is German productivity, and if the difference in their wages is less than the difference in productivity, then German wages are relatively lower than those of Spain.
3/12
Consider the case in which Spanish manufacturers can produce 100 widgets while paying €80 in wages, whereas German manufacturers can produce 100 widgets while paying €70 in wages. In that case the wage share in Germany is lower than that in Spain, and if...
Read 12 tweets
6 Nov
1/15
There is a lot of good stuff in this article and in the paper to which it refers, but I worry that there is a conceptual confusion that may affect our attitudes towards trade. The problem with the “China shock” is not that there was a lot of...
npr.org/sections/money…
2/15
offshoring which drove manufacturing jobs to China. That is just how trade works, both internally and internationally: jobs move to where they can be done more productively, and in so doing raise demand, which results in jobs lost being replaced by other jobs.
3/15
But key to a well-functioning trading system is that growing Chinese exports be balanced by growing Chinese imports. That happens when increased Chinese exports to the US raise Chinese household income levels commensurately.
Read 16 tweets
5 Nov
1/8
Important article by @endacurran, although I'm a little surprised that it's taken so long for the mainstream foreign press to address this story. The article notes that there has been an acceleration in recent years...

bloomberg.com/news/articles/…
2/8
in foreign inflows into China through the trade and financial accounts, but unlike in the past, "when China aggressively recycled its dollar holdings into U.S. Treasuries, China’s giant pile of foreign exchange reserves are holding broadly stable."
3/8
"That means the dollars are being funneled somewhere else," the article suggests, "but exactly where is proving to be a bit of a mystery."
Read 8 tweets
5 Nov
The U.S. trade deficit widened in September to a record $80.9 billion, driven by climbing demand for capital goods like computers and electric equipment and industrial supplies. wsj.com/articles/u-s-t… via @WSJ
2/12
“The trade deficit is being driven wider,” they say, “by shifting patterns of demand for the raw materials and inputs for American factories and retailers.”

But while this (circular) reasoning might have been less mistaken many decades ago, it simply isn’t true today.
3/12
Consider that changes in the trade deficit (or, more correctly, the current account deficit) are perfectly matched by opposite changes in the capital account surplus. If the US capital account consisted mainly of trade finance, and it was only the trade finance component...
Read 12 tweets

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