1/5. Yesterday and today are the anniversary of Kristallnacht. The horrible planned pogrom was preceded and made possible by the creation of second-class citizenship for German Jews, and by the expulsion of stateless Jews from Germany.
2/5. It was preceded and made possible by the destruction of Austria, and the pogroms there against Jews who suddenly lost their citizenship. Remembering Kristallnacht means remembering the importance of civil rights for citizens and human rights for all. nybooks.com/articles/2013/…
3/5. Herschel Grynszpan and his family were victims of a particular tactic that Nazi Germany used against Jews: the deprivation of citizenship.
4/5. Our misunderstanding of the Holocaust offers moral cover for the geopolitical disasters of our time. slate.com/news-and-polit…
5/5. I elaborate on these discussions in "Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning." timothysnyder.org/books/black-ea…
A conversation about statelessness and Kristallnacht:

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More from @TimothyDSnyder

4 Sep
1/7. Nearly two years in, nearly 700,000 dead, and no free at-home covid tests?
2/7. In Vienna, you get free covid tests when you go to the pharmacy.
3/7. In the U.S., my students from places like Ukraine and Lithuania are astonished that we don’t have free at-home covid tests.
Read 7 tweets
24 Jul
General Milley told aides that Trump’s big lie was “a Reichstag moment.” A big lie promises violence; a failed coup sets a precedent. These pieces on emergency politics from the last four years anticipated January 6th, and might help in years to come.
"The Reichstag fire shows how quickly a modern republic can be transformed into an authoritarian regime." nybooks.com/daily/2017/02/…
In the Reichstag moment, the leader will create and use crisis to undermine democracy. When that happens, we have to mobilize and protest, vote and be organized. Talking with Bill Maher about #OnTyranny in 2017:
Read 11 tweets
8 Jul
0/5. I am very proud of five forewords to central twentieth-century texts about the human response to oppression that I have been invited to write in the past couple of years.
Foreword 1/5: To Václav Havel's "Power of the Powerless," written in communist Czechoslovakia in 1978, a timeless discussion of individuality and responsibility (Nov 2018). penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/602111/t…
Foreword 2/5: To Józef Czapski's "Inhuman Land," an account of the wartime Soviet Union by a great artist and one of the most interesting figures of the twentieth century (Dec. 2018).
nyrb.com/products/inhum… and lareviewofbooks.org/article/pursui…!
Read 6 tweets
20 Jun
1/10. Tyrants monopolize innocence for themselves and their supporters. But history challenges stories that equate power with virtue. So tyrants refer to history as "revisionist."
2/10. By "revisionism," tyrants mean what actually happened at critical moments in the past. In Russia, for example, the Soviet alliance with Hitler to invade Poland in 1939 is sensitive.
3/10. Tyrants today oppose history by enforcing an official myth in law. Memory laws were originally meant to protect facts about minorities. Increasingly, however, they flatter the emotions of majorities.
Read 10 tweets
19 Jun
1/10. Tyrants monopolize innocence for themselves and their supporters. But history challenges stories that equate power with virtue. So tyrants refer to history as "revisionist."
2/10. By "revisionism," tyrants mean what actually happened at critical moments in the past. In Russia, for example, the Soviet alliance with Hitler to invade Poland in 1939 is sensitive.
3/10. Tyrants today oppose history by enforcing an official myth in law. Memory laws were originally meant to protect facts about minorities. Increasingly, however, they flatter the emotions of majorities.
Read 10 tweets
23 May
1/5. Belarus would not have hijacked an EU plane without Russian approval.
2/5. Possibly the hijacking was even a Russian initiative. Worth asking before acting.
3/5. The Russian play would be: foreseeable EU sanctions on Belarus drive Minsk closer to Moscow.
Read 5 tweets

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