0/5. I am very proud of five forewords to central twentieth-century texts about the human response to oppression that I have been invited to write in the past couple of years.
Foreword 1/5: To Václav Havel's "Power of the Powerless," written in communist Czechoslovakia in 1978, a timeless discussion of individuality and responsibility (Nov 2018). penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/602111/t…
Foreword 2/5: To Józef Czapski's "Inhuman Land," an account of the wartime Soviet Union by a great artist and one of the most interesting figures of the twentieth century (Dec. 2018). nyrb.com/products/inhum… and lareviewofbooks.org/article/pursui…!
Foreword 3/5: To Julius Margolin's "Journey to the Land of the Zeks," perhaps the single most important Gulag memoir, published now in English, decades after its composition (Dec 2020). global.oup.com/academic/produ… and tabletmag.com/sections/arts-…
Foreword 5/5: To Tadeusz Borowski's "Here in Our Auschwitz," the indispensable literature about German camps and the Holocaust, appearing in a few weeks in an excellent new translation (Sept 2021). yalebooks.yale.edu/book/978030011…
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1/10. Tyrants monopolize innocence for themselves and their supporters. But history challenges stories that equate power with virtue. So tyrants refer to history as "revisionist."
2/10. By "revisionism," tyrants mean what actually happened at critical moments in the past. In Russia, for example, the Soviet alliance with Hitler to invade Poland in 1939 is sensitive.
3/10. Tyrants today oppose history by enforcing an official myth in law. Memory laws were originally meant to protect facts about minorities. Increasingly, however, they flatter the emotions of majorities.
1/10. Tyrants monopolize innocence for themselves and their supporters. But history challenges stories that equate power with virtue. So tyrants refer to history as "revisionist."
2/10. By "revisionism," tyrants mean what actually happened at critical moments in the past. In Russia, for example, the Soviet alliance with Hitler to invade Poland in 1939 is sensitive.
3/10. Tyrants today oppose history by enforcing an official myth in law. Memory laws were originally meant to protect facts about minorities. Increasingly, however, they flatter the emotions of majorities.
A series of five essays on Belarus, part 1/5: The Worst War. "Memory tends to shroud history, and those with the weaker voices are forgotten. Sometimes the lands that suffer most are least able to gather the attention of others." snyder.substack.com/p/belarus-15-t…
A series of five essays on Belarus, part 2/5: Nation Next. "Tell me what you remember, and I will tell you who you are. Tell me what you are allowed to remember, and I will tell you who rules you." snyder.substack.com/p/belarus-25-n…
A series of five essays on Belarus, part 3/5: Two fake coups. "If we can understand the evolution of the fiction, we can see the direction the country is going, and prepare ourselves for the dramatic events likely to follow this summer." snyder.substack.com/p/belarus-35-t…
2/6. In a democratic system, a party campaigns on policy, and it sometimes wins, and it sometimes loses. It adjusts when it loses by changing its platform, rather than by changing the rules. The Republican Party is no longer doing that.
3/6. When Republicans lose national elections, other Republicans use control of statehouses to make the country less democratic.