Share this page!

Enter URL or ID to Unroll

You can paste full URL like: https://x.com/threadreaderapp/status/1644127596119195649
or just the ID like: 1644127596119195649

How to get URL link on X (Twitter) App

  1. On the Twitter thread, click on or icon on the bottom
  2. Click again on or Share Via icon
  3. Click on Copy Link to Tweet
  4. Paste it above and click "Unroll Thread"!
  5. More info at Twitter Help
Lazarus Long Profile picture
@LazarusLong13
Nov 12, 2021 • 16 tweets • 9 min read • Read on X
Scrolly
A thread on ambulance ventilation.

And why you are going to see more staffing EMS staffing shortages - resulting in you laying forever next to your wrecked car.

Waiting to be picked up by CoVid+ EMT's in surgical masks.
Study is here - click the PDF button....or just ride along in this clown car.
researchgate.net/publication/33…

Looks like in the USA, there are no standards for ventilation in ambulances.

Used to be 30 ACH..which would be amazing.
In the UK, they recommend not using the recirculating air during AGP's, during pandemics.

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…

Currently, surgical masks as long as within 6 feet of the CoVid+. No recirculating.
gov.uk/government/pub…

All based on WHO guidance. (Foreshadow.)
The default ventilation of the ambulance is 5 ACH, IF the exhaust blower was on.

They replaced the default ventilation tho with the below HEPA filter, so they could get accurate measurements, avoiding external aerosols, and reset quickly.

Quite clever.
americanlaboratorytrading.com/lab-equipment-…
Here's the rest:

"For each test, four optical particle counters
(OPCs) were placed in locations representing possible positions for a seated EMS worker treating the
patient. OPCs were placed in the positions labeled OPC 1-4 when the cot was at 0° or 30°, and positions ..."
Before going on, let's touch on the 5 ACH that all of you will be hit with in surgical masks.

Even with surgical masks on, we have certainly seen a huge number of outbreaks in hospitals with 6 ACH (better) ventilation
and continuous surgical masking.

For example, Alberta Health Services, @AHS_media, which is the embodiment of the @WHO's IPC guidance.

Stands to reason as Dr. Conly rules over AHS AND the WHO with a very clean fist.

Back to our clown car, Lindsley (yep, the famous one) found that a single cough resulted at least some worker exposure.

Given that Delta is everywhere, and we now know it takes under 3 virii to successfully infect?

Not good.

Might not be a bad idea to buy a @FixTheMask brace
in case you have to go to the hospital or even ride in an ambulance.

Or make the 3 rubber band version and keep it in your wallet or purse:


Why would there still be exposure?

"Air circulation pattern in the ambulance patient compartment generated by...
the ventilation
system. The jet of air created by the air inlet causes a clockwise recirculation pattern to form which
circulates aerosol particles throughout the compartment. Even if the cough is directed toward the rear
of the ambulance, aerosol particles are carried
toward the front by the recirculation. Thus, a worker
anywhere in the ambulance is exposed to the cough aerosol particles."

Thus, you will be exposed to the same.

But does it have to be this way?

No. Or I should say, N100.

The same solution as in this thread that was
slightly viral about 25 years of no infection in the Texas TB hospital:


And the same solution being used today by NYC's EMS:
nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-fd…
But the story does not end there.
Did you know that someone tried putting a HEPA filter into an ambulance?

cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/repo…

"The effective
air change rates ranged from about 43 to 46 ACH in
the HEPA ambulance, and from 26 to 32 ACH in the
non–HEPA ambulance."

This provides further proof that
portable air cleaners such as the Corsi/Rosenthal Box are additive to any current air cleaning infrastructure.

And...they help remove aerosols much faster.

The message is the same because this is NOT rocket science.

Vax.
N100.
HEPA if you can afford it.
CR Box if you can't
A very cool simulation model study confirming what Dr. Noakes shared below. Thank you!

1 - An ambulance transport with a patient actively emitting a virus.
2 - A subsequent transport with an uninfected patient <- very interesting setup here.

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
　

Keep Current with Lazarus Long

Lazarus Long Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @LazarusLong13

Lazarus Long Profile picture
Aug 5
Guess what?

In the next pandemic, these "RCT or STFU" worshippers plan on sacrificing you on the alter of RCTs.

This is Dr. Atle Fretheim 👇 talking about how they attempted to get masks randomized from his government.

And thankfully, shot down.
/+

Image
But they have figure out "this one weird trick!"

They are working on getting pre-approval from the WHO for what is called their "Master Protocols 👇," to then help smooth the way with their local government.

This is not an idle thing. Atle specifically used air filtration 👇@kprather88 @jljcolorado, as his example of a desired subject to give half of the class clean air in the beginning of a pandemic.

When we are MOST trying to stop the spread!

Read 14 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Jul 27
AVERAGE CO2 in the dead space below an N95? 1-3% - or 10,000 to 30,000 ppm. Scary?

No. You see that's the average.

Humans have focused on average or peak exhalations/waveforms.

We haven't studied the LOW POINT with capnography.

We have done it with simulations. Image
There are no published experimental (human) capnography studies inside N95 dead space that show the CO₂ dropping down as low as ~0.4% within a single exhalation. Human trials typically measure peak or average values rather than full breath waveforms.
As you can see, the amount of CO2 in the N95 goes down.

Why? Because the air around us has so much less CO2. When we inhale, it mixes with that high CO2.

Dilution and diffusion both at play.
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…Image
As all of us who has ever worn a mask/N95, which is most of the world, knows, we don't suffer the effects of inhaling 30,000 ppm all day.

Lets look at this a different way.

What if we were in a room with huge CO2? That's what antimaskers are implying is going on.
Read 11 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Jul 27
How NOT to Science. A time travel thread and magic.

This is Helmut Traindl - the engineer who devised the procedure behind Walach CO2 study that was retracted after 16 days:
jamanetwork.com/journals/jamap…

Then, republished by Dr. Domingo just 6 months later.
sciencedirect.com/science/articl… Image
@RetractionWatch had an interesting write-up on how it was republished by Dr. Domingo.

It rings of plausible deniability. Except it smells vaguely of bad faith.

retractionwatch.com/2022/08/01/one…Image
Turns out that @TecnATox was founded, and is directed by Dr. Domingo.

You'll be hearing from me, Dr. Domingo - and a rather lot more people, once I get done writing all of this up.

You see, I found the pilot video.

Read 14 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Jul 24
So, in your apartment or hotel, we saw below how its heated facade, or front, could drive your downstairs neighbor cough into your lungs.

Let's step inside your living room now, and step forward in time to winter.

What happens if your sick neighbor is seated in that living /1
room?

Where is the worst place for them to be seated if you have your heat coming from a heat register up on the wall?

Next to your cold window.

The cold air cools your sick neighbor's exhaled infectious air, and drives it to the ground.

Where it sidles along until Image
Image
you and your family's bodies' thermal plumes pick up that air, and lifts it up to your faces to be breathed in.

Or....to put this in another way....if you go to a coffee shop as I like to do, and you see someone coughing next to a cold window? Do not dawdle.

Leave.
Read 7 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Jul 21
I looked at your thread @moog77 . The reason that epidemiological didn't work (cases continued to go up)? Is the same reason the 2023 Cochrane fails, ironically, after you touted it as the "gold standard."

Not because clean air doesn't reduce cases. It empirically does. It
just doesn't do it where it's not being applied.

What do I mean?

2023 Cochrane "the gold standard" - for community masking is based on a few studies.

One is Alfelali (2020) set in the Haji season
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC75…
2 to 3 million religious pilgrims crammed into a few locations, sleeping 50 to hundreds in tent, head to toe.

Respiratory disease is typically 50% in total. Perhaps the single largest mass infection in history, year after year.

A few of them given surgical masks, and told
Read 13 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Jul 21
Do you live in an apartment or stay in hotels?

Got a "oops, outside air can get you" study. Coming out of Beijing University of Technology - taking airborne transmission seriously.

They rented 50 rooms of a building. Did some very cool CFD work - then, be still my heart, Image
followed it up with tracer gas experimentation.

See room 303 above? 403 and 503 got whatever came out of 303.

With studies like these, there are so many variables. But, if I lived in an apartment, I would set have at least a PC fan CR Box next to those open windows.
Or an HRV set up in that window. And for sure a PC fan CR box next to the front door for under the door airflow.

x.com/VentiloAngel/s…

Not HRV, but equally valid
x.com/Engineer_Wong/…
Read 17 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!

This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us!

Send Email!

:(