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Lazarus Long Profile picture
Lazarus Long
@LazarusLong13
Clean Air Advocate. I know how you can avoid those infections - and what they do to you, if you do get infected. #PZC. 19-2.
Jun 1 • 22 tweets • 9 min read
A thread on airborne Ebola - the rest is accurate.

Let me emphasize that I agree far more than disagree with her, in general.

Declaring a thing debunked without actually debunking it, with facts, is not debunking.

So, let me debunk this. Image Dr. Kuppila has excellent credentials, and has earned her laurels.

If we accepted the debunking of airborne Ebola on the basis of credentials, we would have given into the fallacy of appeal to authority.

:) not today.

She worked in an Ebola Treatment Unit in Sierra Leone,
May 28 • 10 tweets • 3 min read
Ebola - it's not all about respiratory aerosols.

DYK that you, and me, and everybody are Pig Pen from Charlie Brown?

We shed our entire outer layer of skin every 2-4 weeks, about 500 million cells daily.

Your corneocytes (outermost cells) lift off of your body with the gentlest of micro-air currents. Like a leaf picked up off the ground for the briefest of moments in fall.

They act like 12 micron aerosols in float time, but 25% of total skin flakes are sub 5 microns...and you know what that means. Deep deposition - or shallow as
May 23 • 9 tweets • 5 min read
The WHO forbids contact tracers from masking or gloving up.

"Do not conduct home visits wearing personal protective equipment like masks, gloves, or
gowns."

It gets worse. Do not conduct home visits wearing personal protective equipment like masks, gloves, or gowns. They have a handy how to reduce risk of catching ebola at home.

It even has 5 masks listed on it.

But not for the other family members.

"7. If the patient has vomit, diarrhoea or bleeding, a mask or a dry towel wrapped around the face can be used to protect the nose and mouth Image
7. If the patient has vomit, diarrhoea or bleeding, a mask or a dry towel wrapped around the face can be used to protect the nose and mouth when touching the patient or items soiled with blood or body fluids. A waterproof gown, eye protection, gloves and rubber boots should also be worn in these circumstances.
May 22 • 16 tweets • 7 min read
The "epidemiology" of Ebola tells us that it's not airborne. You've heard this over and over.

What drives it? The questions on the contact tracing form.

Quick 🧵. Image COVID - the WHO and CDC said it wasn't airborne via aerosols, right?

The CDC said it was spread person to person via close contact - within about 6 feet.



And you remember it took FOREVER to get changed.

The contact tracing form was web.archive.org/web/2020032817…Image
Image
May 20 • 12 tweets • 5 min read
Speaking of silly, can we agree that the WHO has Ebola experts?

Let's talk about PPE, and a bias towards "less PPE is better." Image The WHO EBOLA IPC guidance:


Foreshadow on PPE

"...due to the desirability of an off-
the-face design, and not for protection from aerosols, respirators may be used instead of medical masks"who.int/publications/i…
May 10 • 15 tweets • 6 min read
Great article by @EmilyJoshu here.

Emily, there's another article in this that's even more shocking.

The aerosols from milking have long been discussed by many of us on X.

People like myself, @sri_srikrishna, @AbraarKaran have long advocated for comfortable aerosol protective gear like PAPRs. But, have been ignored by the USDA who, of course, thought it was only contaminated milking gear like the claw.

But there is one more source of aerosols besides cow breath.

The wastewater. When you spray anything you generate huge amounts of Image
May 7 • 41 tweets • 21 min read
Humanity's hubris vs the precautionary principle.

The virus, ANDV, will do what it will do. Pandemic? History tells us "NO." But history is in the past.

Let me show you what the studies tell us - and why I am livid that the WHO is insisting that surgical masks are ok.

🧵 Incubation time, or how long until symptoms show up?

The high risk time frame is 14–32 days. Not to put too fine a point on that, but that can mean a full month later

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC32…

There have been some out to 8 weeks, but let's ignore those

gov.uk/guidance/andes… Image
Clinical features The most important complication of ANDV infection is HCPS, which is associated with a high mortality rate. Milder illness without significant cardio-respiratory compromise may also be seen. Illness usually develops 2 to 4 weeks following exposure, but incubation periods as early as 4 days and up to 8 weeks have been described.
May 6 • 12 tweets • 5 min read
@mvankerkhove - a follow-up question on today's press conference.

In this bit, you were thanked for being very clear.

But, you said that the medical personnel taking care of those sick would be wearing PPE.

N95s are not PPE. They are Respiratory Protective Equipment. /1 Surgical masks are PPE.

So, is the WHO advising them to wear surgical masks or N95s/FFP2/KF94/KN95 (respirators)?

Second followup, @mvankerkhove, you referred to "really close contacts"

Close contacts are defined by the WHO as within 3 feet.
Mar 26 • 4 tweets • 1 min read
I've become a bit of a Dental Nerd after just getting savaged by avoiding the dentist due to COVID.

But, now, I have a Dental Nasal PAPR, know all about Stephan's Curve, use a waterpik, Oral-B iO Series 10, chew 8 pieces of xylitol gum - and the dentist just said that..... He has never seen anyone reverse course so perfectly before.

"Immaculate."

And bonus...I ran into a fellow masker in his lobby!!

She had never heard of Readimask, so I was super happy to share the Good Word with her.

Sharing the Good Word - not COVID!
Mar 16 • 7 tweets • 3 min read
Now, this is a very interesting PREPRINT.

We've all heard that shingles vaccination reduces risk of Alzheimer's.

And we all know that Covid increases the risk of Alzheimer's by 50-80%.

What happens when you mix them? Will the vaccination offset a different disease?

/1 Opposing effects of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection and recombinant zoster vaccination on the risk of late-onset Alzheimer disease View ORCID ProfileCarly M. Rose, Shiying Liu, View ORCID ProfileWilliam S. Bush, Jonathan L. Haines, Scott M. Williams, View ORCID ProfileDana C. Crawford N3C Consortium doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.21.26344555 This article is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed [what does this mean?]. It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice. Yes.

But by how much? Conclusions and Relevance SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection and recombinant zoster vaccination are modifiable risk factors for LOAD among older individuals, with a modestly significant interaction between the two. Recombinant zoster vaccination reduced LOAD risk regardless of sex and race, though the protection is greater in those without documented COVID-19 infection. Recombinant zoster vaccination and reduced exposure to COVID-19 infection in the later decades of life reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer disease over at least a five-year period.
Mar 3 • 23 tweets • 8 min read
A doctor complaining about wearing N95s? Thread foreshadow in the gif 👇.

Dr. Sax, you should read this.

The arrogance of medical doctors thinking they know better than the CDC NIOSH and OSHA?

This comes as no surprise. Imagine if an asbestos worker, or a tech working in BioSafety Lab was complaining about this.

But somehow, doctors making over $200,000 get carte blanche and and a piece in the @NEJM Voices.

And he does have a loud voice.
Feb 27 • 6 tweets • 2 min read
From the ZeroCovid sub on Reddit.

How DO we do it?

Hyper vigilance, constant exposure calculations, discussing and taking precautions?

How do I do it?

Quick thread. I would like to hear covid conscious folks opinions on this: I have long covid (mecfs + pots + mcas). I’ve been sick to varying degrees since 2022. My life has been severely affected by this. At this point, I can’t work. I am mostly housebound, recovering slowly but I still have to spend some days in bed. Recovery from this is awful, especially because it’s not widely understood. With all that said. I still feel like, for me, a life full of hyper vigilance, constant exposure calculations, discussing and taking precautions…I can’t do it. I don’t want to live that way. How can I approach t... I don't do it.

I don't do exposure calculations.

I don't have hyper vigilance.

I am Vax, Mask, and Relax.

For me, it's just a series of habits now. Drive to the wherever, hit parking lot, put on N95. Get out of car. Stays on until I get back into the car.
Feb 26 • 13 tweets • 6 min read
After reading a study, and reaching for my phone, if the first thing I do is check to see if I have @'d someone in the past?

That's not a good sign.

I have never @'d them, and this is not directed @ them.

But this IS a debunk thread.

And it starts with who.

/1 Study here. Before you read it?

This thread is about providing context. Read the thread, @SalvMattera's comments, AND THEN, read the study.

0/10 from me.

thelancet.com/journals/lanep…
Dec 21, 2025 • 6 tweets • 3 min read
Oh, we are cooked. Just cooked.

"Brain Mitochondrial dysfunction, known for ~20 years is finally recognized as a central upstream driver of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), not just a downstream effect."

And SARS2's targeting of mitochondria is well-known.

Even in the brain.
/1 We identified dysregulation of mitochondrial and synaptic pathways in deep-layer excitatory neurons and upregulation of neuroinflammation in glia, consistent across both mRNA and protein. Remarkably, these alterations overlapped substantially with changes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Our work, combining multiple experimental and analytical methods, demonstrates the brain-wide impact of severe acute/subacute COVID-19, involving both cortical and subcortical regions, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets within pat... @LauraMiers, in case you don't have it.

nature.com/articles/s4358…
Dec 17, 2025 • 9 tweets • 3 min read
@neiljshaw - — a few tips on your excellent article from a clean air advocate

"Consider Wearing a Mask" ?

No, "It is incredibly important to wear a well-fitting mask such as a N95, KN95, or KF94, for the best protection."

You two are doing Image public health with this article.

Public health is best done with simple clear instructions.

No:
"These masks act as a barrier, reducing the spread of respiratory droplets when people talk, sneeze or cough."

Yes:
"These masks act as a HEPA air cleaner for the face,
Dec 11, 2025 • 17 tweets • 3 min read
As an anonymous clean air advocate, I've put a bit of thought into how to present, well, my expertise.

If someone were to say, "How do I know you know what you are talking about? Are you a doctor, or a virologist?"

To which, I would say...."No, but that's a good thing.
/1 I have focused on aerosol and masking science. Because it is those fields that give us the most information on how airborne particles, aerosols, get from Person A to Person B.

My expertise is derived from the great studies of Dr. Lindsay Marr, MacArthur recipient. Dr. Prather,
Nov 22, 2025 • 6 tweets • 4 min read
I am not a fan of nasal sprays to stop The 'Vid, but I respect you having it as a layer in the Swiss cheese package.

But, some people have said they got bloody noses.

While at the ER yesterday, I picked up a pretty good at home technique. Let our $1,000 lay-out
Image save you money.

Use tongue depressors to make a nose pinch clamp.

Leave it on for 30 minutes. Still a problem? Two sprays of Afrin, and re-apply nose pinch clamp. Wait 30 minutes.

Still a problem? Cotton balls sprayed with Afrin, clamp, 30 minutes

aliem.com/trick-of-trade…Image
Image
Image
Nov 13, 2025 • 10 tweets • 5 min read
A study demonstrated 100% PERFECT protection against SARS2 w/ readily available KF94s

✅ 181 HCWs
✅ 1 got SARS2 antibodies, but an epi investigation -> the infection happened elsewhere.
😡 The final checkpoint was March 2021. N95s only became freely available 1 month later
/1 FDA: N95 masks, now plentiful, should no longer be reused By MARTHA MENDOZA and JULIET LINDERMAN (Associated Press) April 23, 2021 12:44 p.m. Medical providers may soon return to using one medical N95 mask per patient, a practice that was suspended during the pandemic due to deadly supply shortages
What is described in the tweets in the USA.

Korean study:
jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10…

This is in comparison to a Swiss study during the same rough time-frame. A study which did NOT show the same excellent results, but dismal results. Why?

The Swiss had the same sort of fit testing,

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35123572/ Results: We enrolled 3259 participants from nine healthcare institutions, whereof 716 (22%) preferentially used FFP2. Among these, 81/716 (11%) reported a SARS-CoV-2-positive swab, compared to 352/2543 (14%) surgical mask users; seroconversion was documented in 85/656 (13%) FFP2 and 426/2255 (19%) surgical mask users. Adjusted for baseline characteristics, COVID-19 exposure, and risk behaviour, FFP2 use was non-significantly associated with decreased risk for SARS-CoV-2-positive swab (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0) and seroconversion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.7, 95% CI ...
Nov 5, 2025 • 70 tweets • 22 min read
@tomhanks has just been savaged by people screaming masks don't work.

All hospitals have fiduciary responsibilities to not waste money.

Here is a light sampling of hospitals mandating masks because they work.

Proving that not only do masks work, but mask mandates work.

Thread Health PEI
Start/End: October 14, 2025 , How many hospitals: 7, employee count: 4,967,

Public hospital,

City: Various (e.g., Charlottetown, Summerside), Province: Prince Edward Island, Country: Canada, full url: princeedwardisland.ca/en/news/health…
Nov 2, 2025 • 39 tweets • 13 min read
Thread of debunking the myth that "babies should not be masked."

A baby uninfected is better than a baby infected.

If you oppose masking babies, you are immediately for infecting babies.

Let's get to it. A most excellent instruction page on how to mask babies. Suck it antimaskers. This solves an equity problem.

Not everyone has the money or technical skill to build a baby buggy PAPR.

Just like not everyone has the money to buy an adult PAPR.

Are you for people on SNAP being able to protect their babies? Or not?

Oct 22, 2025 • 19 tweets • 8 min read
If you are Covid Aware you have probably been avoiding the dentist. Well, the dental studies have come to you.

This edition? #CovidAwareSoReducingDentalVisits - Water flossing (WF) edition.

Or, as I like to think of it, the Gum Salon.

Thread. Flossing is necessary for those super tight contact points as you see in the above thread, and is great to remove plaque down 1 mm deep in the gum line (gently).

InterDental Brushes are fantastic and go down 2-3 mm into the gum line to remove plaque.