Aaron Sojourner Profile picture
Nov 16, 2021 25 tweets 8 min read Read on X
U.S. corporations have higher profits than ever before.
Profits ⬆️ 17% in the last 2 years. Image
U.S. equity investors enjoying record high stock market, consistent with record high expected future profits ahead.

Wilshire Total Market Full Cap Index ⬆️ 58% in the last 2 years. Image
U.S. workers have more job opportunities than ever on record.

In recent months, more openings in total or as a share of jobs than ever before in records back to two decades.

Job opening rate ⬆️47% in last 2 years, compared to pre-pandemic Sept 2019. Image
U.S. workers voluntarily choosing to quit their jobs for better options elsewhere at record rate, most in two decades.

Quit rate⬆️30% over last 2 years.

Bosses hate it but it means that workers judge they have better options elsewhere. Image
U.S. workers being discharged or laid off from their jobs by their bosses at record low rate, lowest in two decades.

Rate of (discharge or lay off) ⬇️31% from 2 years ago. Image
Average family wealth is at a record high for the 20% of families with the lowest incomes.

Net wealth ⬆️ 18% over the last 2 years. Image
Average family wealth is at a record high for the next 20% of families, those with incomes in 20th to 40th percentiles. Highest wealth levels in 3 decades of records.

Net wealth⬆️22% over the last 2 years for lower middle-class families. Image
Average family wealth is at a record high for the next 20% of families, those with incomes in 40th to 60th percentiles. Highest wealth levels in 3 decades of records.

Net wealth ⬆️21% over the last 2 years for solidly middle-class families. Image
Average family wealth is at a record high for the next 20% of families, those with incomes in 60th to 80th percentiles. Highest wealth levels in 3 decades of records.

Net wealth⬆️31% over the last 2 years for upper middle-class families. Image
Average family wealth is at a record high for the next 19% of families, those with incomes in 80th to 99th percentiles. Highest wealth levels in 3 decades of records.

Net wealth⬆️18% over the last 2 years for high-income families. Image
Average family wealth is at a record high for the top 1% of families. Highest wealth levels in 3 decades of records.

Net wealth⬆️37% over the last 2 years for the top 1% of families. Image
These financial measures would be better if I adjusted for inflation & population change but it wouldn't change the substantive short-run conclusions, & likely not long-run.

Prices are⬆️5.5% over the last 2 years throughout the economy (PCE deflator) &⬆️7.3% for consumers (CPI)
Black Americans' wealth is at a record high, up 32% in the last 2 years. Image
White Americans' wealth is at a record high,⬆️26% in the last 2 years. Image
Hispanic Americans' wealth is at a record high, ⬆️21% in the last 2 years. Image
The wealth of Americans of other races and ethnicities is at a record high,⬆️27% in the last 2 years. Image
Median wage growth within worker was 4.4% last year and 3.6% the year prior.

It's a bit funky but one could think of this as 8.1% median wage growth over the last 2 years within-worker, controlling for compositional differences in who's working. Faster than price growth. Image
Or look at real hourly labor compensation. This adjusts for inflation and hours worked and is ⬆️4.8% over the last 2 years.

Meanwhile, hourly labor productivity (output/hr) is ⬆️3.0%.
Median wage growth within-worker for Zoomers has accelerated sharply in recent months & is accelerating for 25-34 year olds too, above the rate of price inflation.

For other workers, wage growth remains steady but slightly behind consumer price inflation. Image
What about government debt?

Interest payments as a share of GDP is lower than any time since 1959.

This will likely increase from here, but keep in mind where we are. Image
We have challenges in our economy, primarily the pandemic.

Also I worry about companies' exploiting their labor market power & consumer market power to under-employ, under-pay, under-produce, over-charge, & keep excess profits up.
The big question: can supply increase in the real economy?

If no, need to cool demand & investment down.

If yes, we're well-positioned for growth. Better public health, infrastructure, care systems, competition, wages & working conditions will pull people from sidelines.
Millions of Americans will come back into employment if offered attractive enough opportunities.

+2.6 million prime-age Americans employed would get us back to their pre-pandemic employment rate & we can do better than 2019. We were still rising then.

More older Americans too. Image
It's the virus versus the rest of us. We still need to crush it at home & abroad before it steals more lives and livelihoods.

1 in 3 working-age Americans still not fully vaccinated.

Immunities from early vax & prior infection is waning. Get vax. Get booster. Mask up. Image
It's the virus versus the rest of us. Which side are you on?

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More from @aaronsojourner

Jun 9, 2023
This paper is SOOOOO interesting. I love it.

They posit 3 types of Americans with different relations to the labor market. Folks in:

- primary enjoy steady work, any job search quick.

- 2ndary struggle to find jobs, move across U, E, N a lot.

- 3iary mostly out.
These bring the Dual Labor Market hypothesis home to the U.S.

Interprets short-panel linked CPS data combining:

- a hidden Markov model of observed transitions by latent type,

- a measurement model uses many rich CPS questions to assign each person type probabilities.
The primary market, estimated to represent 55% of American population, enjoys super-high LFPR/EPOP, super-low UR.

2ndary (14%): in LF 73% of time but unemployed a third of that time.

3riary (32%): out 91% of time. UR intermediate when in.

Heterogeneity that matters. Image
Read 11 tweets
May 21, 2023
Amazon warehouse mgmt uses intensive, opaque monitoring as input to discipline, pay, promotion, & firing decisions.

MN just passed a law requiring employers like them to make such standards, incentives, & data transparent to workers.

Fascinating on a few fronts... Image
No one likes working to unclear standards.

But mgmt often prefers it,⬇️some gaming &⬆️ managers' discretionary power.

Even if mgmt uses clear well-justified rules, if workers don't know them, feel arbitrary.

Mgmt says, trust us. Many workers do not.
thenation.com/article/politi…
In a workplace with new tech-enabled, intensive, high-stakes monitoring, it's interesting to see workers demand & win transparency of rules & of data.

Amazon warehouse workers in MN have actively pushed to improve working conditions for a decade @AwoodMpls. This is latest win.
Read 5 tweets
May 18, 2023
Lower-income Americans often need access to $ NOW!

Speedier payments benefit those most in need.

Instant payments, like @federalreserve’s FedNow coming July, would create billions in consumer value.

🧵my new paper w/the great @ryanmcdevitt
direct.mit.edu/rest/article-a… Image
We measure willingness-to-pay (WTP) for $ today versus $ soon.

Use transaction data from a bank that offers both bank accts (BA) & check-cashing (CC), unusual.

Usually, 2 services offered by different bizs = tough to leverage customer choices to credibly isolate WTP.
@springbankny was 1st new S. Bronx-based bank in 25 years when in 2007 when started as Check Spring Bank. Later I served on & chaired bank’s board.

Aimed to deliver financial services value to S. Bronx community, compete head-to-head with check cashiers.
spring.bank/about-us Image
Read 12 tweets
Mar 28, 2023
Wealthiest 0.1% of Americans saw 5.0% of their wealth disappear from the quarter before the Fed started hiking rates in 2022Q1 to 2022Q4

The next 0.9% saw 7% of their wealth disappear

In contrast, the least-wealthy half of Americans saw their (much smaller) wealth rise 17%
The price of Fed action to fight inflation has so far been paid mostly by wealthier Americans whose assets in stocks, crypto, & elsewhere deflated.

If Fed causes employers to start destroying jobs in the real economy, the price burden will shift dramatically.
This is how it started and the labor market has held up remarkably well. The Fed can break it though.

Hard-landing advocates claim doing so is the only way to bring down inflation.
Read 6 tweets
Jan 29, 2023
10% of America's abt 155 million employees belong to a union.

+1 percentage point a year requires +1.55 million net members if employment flat.

In 2022, union membership rose 273K, 6X smaller.
Estimated +273K from @BLS_gov worker survey. Reflects net hiring by union employers, priv (+193K) + public (+80K) sector, & new organizing inside & outside NLRB.

Abt 52K private sector workers voted to newly unionize in 2022, eyeballing @KevinReuning's NLRB data. 30X smaller.
@BLS_gov @KevinReuning The AFL-CIO's strategy aims to organize 1 million workers over 10 yrs, +100K/yr pace.

That's either 37% of the 2022 pace if it includes all change or less than 2X 2022's pace if newly unionized only.

Is this under-promising to over-deliver?
reuters.com/world/us/us-la…
Read 8 tweets

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