1. "The Bats Down Under" #CSIRO Thread
CSIRO = Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation,
Australian Government .
CSIRO = Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation,
Australian Government .
3. Australian Acronyms
Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP)
The Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL)
Page 21
apps.who.int/iris/bitstream…
Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP)
The Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL)
Page 21
apps.who.int/iris/bitstream…
4. Summary from Attachment 1.2
Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL)
bwc-ecbm.unog.ch/system/files/f…
Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL)
bwc-ecbm.unog.ch/system/files/f…
6. How it all started #CSIRO
"..using the world renowned bat virus isolation methodology developed by scientists at CSIRO’s Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness in Geelong"
web.archive.org/web/2014082503…
csiro.au/portals/media/…
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1405039473474240514
"..using the world renowned bat virus isolation methodology developed by scientists at CSIRO’s Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness in Geelong"
web.archive.org/web/2014082503…
csiro.au/portals/media/…
7. The Paper & Co-Authors (CSIRO, EHA, WIV)
Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses (2005)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses (2005)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
8. Turn of the Century - #CSIRO Dreams
10 minute video on @CSIRO and China
scienceimage.csiro.au/video/11899/wo…
10 minute video on @CSIRO and China
scienceimage.csiro.au/video/11899/wo…
9. Old school computers and real telephones
"Ni Hao Peng You, How are things?"
"Ni Hao Peng You, How are things?"
13. Nipah Thread 2011 - 2020 #CSIRO #WIV #EHA
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1312389091279794179
14. 2012 #HENDRA
Bat virus could hold key to Hendra
“Field work with bats is an essential part of research into identifying new viruses,” Dr Hume Field of Biosecurity Queensland said
blog.csiro.au/bat-virus-coul…
Bat virus could hold key to Hendra
“Field work with bats is an essential part of research into identifying new viruses,” Dr Hume Field of Biosecurity Queensland said
blog.csiro.au/bat-virus-coul…
15. 2012. Long Life? Wishful Thinking?
The Bat Pack with Beijing Genome Institute, sequenced the genomes of 2 bat species:
Black Flying Fox, Australian megabat
David’s Myotis, Chinese microbat
blog.csiro.au/long-life-and-…
csiropedia.csiro.au/evolution-of-f…
The Bat Pack with Beijing Genome Institute, sequenced the genomes of 2 bat species:
Black Flying Fox, Australian megabat
David’s Myotis, Chinese microbat
blog.csiro.au/long-life-and-…
csiropedia.csiro.au/evolution-of-f…
16. 2013 Paper
Comparative Analysis of Bat Genomes Provides Insight into the Evolution of Flight and Immunity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23258410/
Available thanks to @SciHub_
sci-hub.ee/10.1126/scienc…
Comparative Analysis of Bat Genomes Provides Insight into the Evolution of Flight and Immunity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23258410/
Available thanks to @SciHub_
sci-hub.ee/10.1126/scienc…
17. Interlude "The Man in the Suit"
Shawn Todd (A.K.A. Strawnie) hard at work in the highly secure PC4 lab
blog.csiro.au/the-man-in-the…
Shawn Todd (A.K.A. Strawnie) hard at work in the highly secure PC4 lab
blog.csiro.au/the-man-in-the…
18. 2013 Article by Linfa Wang & Gary Crameri
what are zoonotic diseases?
blog.csiro.au/first-hendra-n…
Original Article:
theconversation.com/first-hendra-n…
Bio of Linfa Wang
2005–2011
Honorary Professor, Wuhan Institute of Virology
2008–2011 CSIRO
theconversation.com/profiles/linfa…
(Pic=Marburg)
what are zoonotic diseases?
blog.csiro.au/first-hendra-n…
Original Article:
theconversation.com/first-hendra-n…
Bio of Linfa Wang
2005–2011
Honorary Professor, Wuhan Institute of Virology
2008–2011 CSIRO
theconversation.com/profiles/linfa…
(Pic=Marburg)
19. 2013. What's Next?
There is a growing view that a One Health approach will be critically important for our preparedness for the next zoonotic pandemic.....NOT!
blog.csiro.au/human-spillove…
There is a growing view that a One Health approach will be critically important for our preparedness for the next zoonotic pandemic.....NOT!
blog.csiro.au/human-spillove…
21. Hendra Vaccine developed by #CSIRO
"For instance, in 2012 we launched the Equivac vaccine, which protects horses from infection and thus prevents transmission of Hendra virus from horses to humans"
"For instance, in 2012 we launched the Equivac vaccine, which protects horses from infection and thus prevents transmission of Hendra virus from horses to humans"
22. Hendra Vaccine - Lawsuits
1. lhd.com.au/class-actions/…
2. theland.com.au/story/6355621/…
3. horsetalk.co.nz/2018/03/22/cla…
4. horsesandpeople.com.au/hendra-vaccine…
"The 1st test of the vaccine started in 2012 & animal vaccine manufacturer Zoetis (formerly Pfizer) obtained the rights to manufacture it"
1. lhd.com.au/class-actions/…
2. theland.com.au/story/6355621/…
3. horsetalk.co.nz/2018/03/22/cla…
4. horsesandpeople.com.au/hendra-vaccine…
"The 1st test of the vaccine started in 2012 & animal vaccine manufacturer Zoetis (formerly Pfizer) obtained the rights to manufacture it"
23. 2014 - Ebola
From animals to humans: understanding Ebola virus
"Fortunately Australia has a robust system to deal with an emergency disease outbreak, including our very own Australian Animal Health Laboratory"
blog.csiro.au/from-animals-t…
From animals to humans: understanding Ebola virus
"Fortunately Australia has a robust system to deal with an emergency disease outbreak, including our very own Australian Animal Health Laboratory"
blog.csiro.au/from-animals-t…
24. 2014 #WIV & #CSIRO & IRF7
Peng Zhou, Linfa Wang, Zhengli Shi, Lijun Wu (WIV)
IRF7 in the Australian Black Flying Fox, Pteropus alecto: Evidence for a Unique Expression Pattern & Functional Conservation
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
Peng Zhou, Linfa Wang, Zhengli Shi, Lijun Wu (WIV)
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1312040405056122881
IRF7 in the Australian Black Flying Fox, Pteropus alecto: Evidence for a Unique Expression Pattern & Functional Conservation
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
25. 2014 paper based on work dating back to 2011
Type III IFN Receptor Expression and Functional Characterisation in the Pteropid Bat, Pteropus alecto
proquest.com/docview/130880…
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1312041648776343559
Type III IFN Receptor Expression and Functional Characterisation in the Pteropid Bat, Pteropus alecto
proquest.com/docview/130880…
26. 2014 - Bat’s immunity may hold key to preventing future Ebola outbreaks (Michele Baker)
If we redirect the immune responses of other species to behave the same way as bats, the high death rate of diseases such as Ebola could be a thing of the past
blog.csiro.au/bats-immunity-…
If we redirect the immune responses of other species to behave the same way as bats, the high death rate of diseases such as Ebola could be a thing of the past
blog.csiro.au/bats-immunity-…
6 years left to finish, break time,
27. Rewind to 2012 #CSIRO
Antiviral Immune Responses of Bats: A Review
M. L. Baker, T. Schountz and L.‐F. Wang
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
Mentioned here:
Antiviral Immune Responses of Bats: A Review
M. L. Baker, T. Schountz and L.‐F. Wang
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
Mentioned here:
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356961651682123778
28. Fast Forward to 2016
24/7 immunity from lethal diseases? It’s in the bat, man!
blog.csiro.au/bat-disease-im…
24/7 immunity from lethal diseases? It’s in the bat, man!
blog.csiro.au/bat-disease-im…
29. Flying Foxes #CSIRO
"In a paper in PNAS, Michelle & her team examined this evolutionary cheat code in Australian black flying foxes"
refers to Zhou et al (2016)
Contraction of type I IFN locus & unusual constitutive expression of IFN-α in bats
pnas.org/content/113/10…
"In a paper in PNAS, Michelle & her team examined this evolutionary cheat code in Australian black flying foxes"
refers to Zhou et al (2016)
Contraction of type I IFN locus & unusual constitutive expression of IFN-α in bats
pnas.org/content/113/10…
30. The Question of Live Bats at #WIV
Scroll up thread for more details of live bats at WIV
1. Patents
2. Video
3. Anecdotal Evidence
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356928189256388613
Scroll up thread for more details of live bats at WIV
1. Patents
2. Video
3. Anecdotal Evidence
31. Peng Zhou and Zhengli Shi #STING
Why Bats Make Such Good Viral Hosts
The bat version of the STING protein helps dampen the mammals' immune response to infection, researchers have found.
archive.ph/7ygOO
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356929251069558784
Why Bats Make Such Good Viral Hosts
The bat version of the STING protein helps dampen the mammals' immune response to infection, researchers have found.
archive.ph/7ygOO
32. #WIV Thanks for your help #CSIRO Zai Jien!
Dampened STING-Dependent Interferon Activation in Bats
cell.com/cell-host-micr…
What the Aussies taught them came in handy later on
Dampened STING-Dependent Interferon Activation in Bats
cell.com/cell-host-micr…
What the Aussies taught them came in handy later on
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356933100681515008b
33. Summary so far (1)
1. CSIRO helps "developing' China with Biosafety
2. CSIRO teaches Chinese bat virus isolation methodology (Tweet 6)
3. CSIRO - WIV - EHa SARS Paper (2005) Tweet 7
4. PZ, ZLS & LFW at CSIRO
5. PZ & LFW Human & Bat Toll Like Receptors - 2010 (Tweet 11)
1. CSIRO helps "developing' China with Biosafety
2. CSIRO teaches Chinese bat virus isolation methodology (Tweet 6)
3. CSIRO - WIV - EHa SARS Paper (2005) Tweet 7
4. PZ, ZLS & LFW at CSIRO
5. PZ & LFW Human & Bat Toll Like Receptors - 2010 (Tweet 11)
34. Summary so far (2)
6. Nipah, Ebola Research and Hendra Vaccine (CSIRO)
7. Bat Immune system & longevity research at CSIRO
8. Bat immune system & longevity research at WIV
9, Live Bat Colony at WIV (and Singapore under LFW)
6. Nipah, Ebola Research and Hendra Vaccine (CSIRO)
7. Bat Immune system & longevity research at CSIRO
8. Bat immune system & longevity research at WIV
9, Live Bat Colony at WIV (and Singapore under LFW)
35. Live Bats at WIV - Myotis Davidii
Why did WIV keep Myotis species bats at WIV in 2017?
Because of their longevity (lifespan up to 37 years)
Growing old, yet staying young: The role of telomeres in bats’ exceptional longevity
readcube.com/articles/10.11…
Why did WIV keep Myotis species bats at WIV in 2017?
Because of their longevity (lifespan up to 37 years)
Growing old, yet staying young: The role of telomeres in bats’ exceptional longevity
readcube.com/articles/10.11…
36. WIV worked with wild-caught out bred bats and their own colony of live bats (Myotis) as well as splenocytes, tissue and cell lines from these bats.
Dampened STING-Dependent Interferon Activation in Bats
cell.com/cell-host-micr… (2018)
Dampened STING-Dependent Interferon Activation in Bats
cell.com/cell-host-micr… (2018)
37. The Problem
first Identified here:
(Banarjee et al, 2018) + Michelle Baker, CSIRO
Tools to study pathogen-host interactions in bats
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
first Identified here:
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356942006472351744
(Banarjee et al, 2018) + Michelle Baker, CSIRO
Tools to study pathogen-host interactions in bats
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
38. Repeat (1)
Primary cells can also harbor latent viruses that can become reactivated during in vitro cultivation when the cells are outside the host and isolated from other components of the immune system that would otherwise control virus replication
Primary cells can also harbor latent viruses that can become reactivated during in vitro cultivation when the cells are outside the host and isolated from other components of the immune system that would otherwise control virus replication
39. Repeat (2)
"Cell lines from any species of bat should therefore only be handled under controlled biosafety conditions and thoroughly tested before being used for experimental studies. This is also a limitation when working with wild-caught bats"
"Cell lines from any species of bat should therefore only be handled under controlled biosafety conditions and thoroughly tested before being used for experimental studies. This is also a limitation when working with wild-caught bats"
40. Graphic from Paper
Tools to study pathogen-host interactions in bats
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
Tools to study pathogen-host interactions in bats
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
41. Live Bats at #WIV
In addition to cell lines, there is a need for lab bred bats with known infection status for ex & in vivo experiments. Establishing a wild-caught bat colony is challenging but achievable with sufficient resources to house the bats
In addition to cell lines, there is a need for lab bred bats with known infection status for ex & in vivo experiments. Establishing a wild-caught bat colony is challenging but achievable with sufficient resources to house the bats
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356942996802056192
42. 2015 #WIV Bat Cell Line Experiments
Cell lines used:
1. M. davidii primary kidney cell line (MdKi)
2. immortalized Rhinolophus sinicus kidney cell line (RsKT)
Cloning, expression, antiviral activity of interferon β from Myotis davidii
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
Cell lines used:
1. M. davidii primary kidney cell line (MdKi)
2. immortalized Rhinolophus sinicus kidney cell line (RsKT)
Cloning, expression, antiviral activity of interferon β from Myotis davidii
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
43. What experiments on these bat cell lines?
They were "attacked" with:
1, Bat adenovirus TJM (BtAdV-TJM)
2, Sendai virus (SeV)
3, Vesicular stomatitis virus
They were "attacked" with:
1, Bat adenovirus TJM (BtAdV-TJM)
2, Sendai virus (SeV)
3, Vesicular stomatitis virus
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356957244009697280
44. Interlude - French Kissing Vampire Bats
Please do not try this at home
earthlymission.com/vampire-bats-f…
Please do not try this at home
earthlymission.com/vampire-bats-f…
45. 2016: In Vivo versus In Vitro (PZ, LFW)
"When comparing in vitro studies in bat cell lines, bat viruses exhibited subversion of the bat immune system"
establishment of Pteropus alecto bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356990117676744704
"When comparing in vitro studies in bat cell lines, bat viruses exhibited subversion of the bat immune system"
establishment of Pteropus alecto bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
46. 2013. Peng Zou, LFW & Michelle Baker #CSIRO
Bat Mx1 and Oas1, but not Pkr are highly induced by bat interferon and viral infection
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23541614/
(IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in Bats)
Freed PDF version thanks to @SciHub_
sci-hub.ee/10.1016/j.dci.…
Bat Mx1 and Oas1, but not Pkr are highly induced by bat interferon and viral infection
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23541614/
(IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in Bats)
Freed PDF version thanks to @SciHub_
sci-hub.ee/10.1016/j.dci.…
47. 2015. Cloning, expression, & antiviral activity of interferon β from Chinese microbats
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Recombinant IFNβ inhibited vesicular stomatitis virus & bat adenovirus replication in cell lines from M. davidii & Rhinolophus sinicus.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Recombinant IFNβ inhibited vesicular stomatitis virus & bat adenovirus replication in cell lines from M. davidii & Rhinolophus sinicus.
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356991730122383363
48. 2016/2017 CRISPR knockout bat cell lines
WIV and Duke NUS
impact of IFNAR2 knockout on virus infection (CRISPR/Cas9 bat cell lines)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
Since then, we have made several other knockout bat cell lines (to be published elsewhere).
WIV and Duke NUS
impact of IFNAR2 knockout on virus infection (CRISPR/Cas9 bat cell lines)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
Since then, we have made several other knockout bat cell lines (to be published elsewhere).
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1356994004991299584
49. 2020. Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines
...with implications for zoonotic emergence
Such rapidly-reproducing viruses would likely generate extreme virulence upon spillover to hosts lacking similar immune capacities to bats.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
+ 3 videos
...with implications for zoonotic emergence
Such rapidly-reproducing viruses would likely generate extreme virulence upon spillover to hosts lacking similar immune capacities to bats.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
+ 3 videos
50. From CSIRO to WIV and back to CSIRO
This thread began with CSIRO and revealed how CSIRO shared their techniques and research with Chinese Bat Researchers who went on to develop these techniques in China.
Now back to CSIRO - AAHL Lab
This thread began with CSIRO and revealed how CSIRO shared their techniques and research with Chinese Bat Researchers who went on to develop these techniques in China.
Now back to CSIRO - AAHL Lab
52. CSIRO AAHL Links
1, Geelong: Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL)
web.archive.org/web/2007111418…
2. CSIRO's biotechnology research
web.archive.org/web/2007100518…
3. A look inside CSIRO's Australian Animal Health Laboratory
web.archive.org/web/2007111903…
Transcript:
web.archive.org/web/2017100716…
1, Geelong: Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL)
web.archive.org/web/2007111418…
2. CSIRO's biotechnology research
web.archive.org/web/2007100518…
3. A look inside CSIRO's Australian Animal Health Laboratory
web.archive.org/web/2007111903…
Transcript:
web.archive.org/web/2017100716…
53, AAHL is built on a box-within-a-box principle
4. AAHL Video
facebook.com/watch/?v=31039…
5. AAHL brochure
web.archive.org/web/2007102710…
6. Under the hood of our biocontainment facility
blog.csiro.au/under-the-hood…
4. AAHL Video
facebook.com/watch/?v=31039…
5. AAHL brochure
web.archive.org/web/2007102710…
6. Under the hood of our biocontainment facility
blog.csiro.au/under-the-hood…
54. Wise Advice from Michelle Baker
“An effective approach to maintaining our distance from bats is to avoid all physical contact with them by not handling live or dead bats.
blog.csiro.au/virus-mutation/
Unfortunately Bat Researchers in China failed to heed her advice...
“An effective approach to maintaining our distance from bats is to avoid all physical contact with them by not handling live or dead bats.
blog.csiro.au/virus-mutation/
Unfortunately Bat Researchers in China failed to heed her advice...
unroll CSIRO - WIV Bat Cell Lines @threadreaderapp
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