His team later synthesized norethisterone (norethindrone), the first highly active progestin analogue that was effective when taken by mouth. This became part of one of the first successful combined oral contraceptive pills, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Djer…
known colloquially as the birth-control pill, or simply, the Pill. From 1952 to 1959 he was professor of chemistry at Wayne State University in Detroit.
In 1968, he started a new company, Zoecon, which focused on environmentally soft methods of pest control, using modified
insect growth hormones to stop insects from metamorphosing from the larval stage to the pupal and adult stages. Zoecon was eventually acquired by Occidental Petroleum, which later sold it to Sandoz, now Novartis. Part of Zoecon survives in Dallas, Texas, making products to
control fleas and other pests.
In 1965 at Stanford University, nobel laureate Joshua Lederberg, computer scientist Edward Feigenbaum, and Djerassi devised the computer program DENDRAL (dendritic algorithm) for the elucidation of the molecular structure of unknown organic
compounds taken from known groups of such compounds, such as the alkaloids and the steroids.
Unit 731 and its affiliated units (Unit 1644 and Unit 100 among others) were involved in research, development and experimental deployment of epidemic-creating biowarfare weapons in
assaults against the Chinese populace (both military and civilian) throughout World War II. Plague-infected fleas, bred in the laboratories of Unit 731 and Unit 1644, were spread by low-flying airplanes upon Chinese cities, including coastal Ningbo and Changde, Hunan Province, in
1940 and 1941. This military aerial spraying killed tens of thousands of people with bubonic plague epidemics. An expedition to Nanking involved spreading typhoid and paratyphoid germs into the wells, marshes, and houses of the city, as well as infusing them into snacks to be
distributed among the locals.
Among the individuals in Japan after its 1945 surrender was Lieutenant Colonel Murray Sanders, who arrived in Yokohama via the American ship Sturgess in September 1945. Sanders was a highly regarded microbiologist and a member of America's military
center for biological weapons. He secretly granted immunity to the physicians of Unit 731, including their leader, in exchange for providing America, but not the other wartime allies, with their research on biological warfare and data from human experimentation. American
occupation authorities monitored the activities of former unit members, including reading and censoring their mail. The Americans believed that the research data was valuable, and did not want other nations, particularly the Soviet Union, to acquire data on biological weapons.
Multiple personals from Fort Detrick were sent to Japan to investigate Unit 731, including Lt. Col. Murray Sanders, Lt. Col. Arvo T. Thompson, and Dr. Norbert H. Fell, under orders from General Douglas MacArthur.
Ishii even worked for Fort Detrick as an advisor on bioweapons,
said Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin at a press conference on Friday.
"The United States paid 250,000 yen to obtain data from Unit 731 on germ warfare," Wang told the conference.
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
Maurice Frederick Strong, PC, CC, OM, FRSC, FRAIC (April 29, 1929 – November 27, 2015) was a Canadian oil and mineral businessman and a diplomat who served as Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_S…
In 1976, at the request of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, Strong returned to Canada to head the newly created national oil company, Petro-Canada.
Strong first met with a leading UN official in 1947 who arranged for him to have a temporary low-level appointment, to serve as a
junior security officer at the UN headquarters in Lake Success, New York.
Strong was a longtime Foundation Director of the World Economic Forum, a senior advisor to the president of the World Bank, the World Wildlife Fund, Resources for the Future and the Eisenhower
Epstein received her BA degree in 1984 (Physics, University of California-Berkeley), her PhD in 1991 (Molecular Biology, Cambridge University), and her MSc in 1996 (Public Health in Developing Countries, London en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Eps…
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine). In 1993, she moved to Uganda in search of an AIDS vaccine and taught molecular biology in the medical school at Makerere University in Kampala for a year.
The school was founded on October 2, 1899 by Sir Patrick Manson as the London
School of Tropical Medicine after the Parsi philanthropist Bomanjee Dinshaw Petit made a donation of £6,666.
It was initially located at the Albert Dock Seamen's Hospital in the London Docklands.
Sir Patrick Manson GCMG FRS (3 October 1844 – 9 April 1922) was a Scottish
The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed proprietary attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of…
and the subsequent farther south Roanoke Island (modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s.
Charter of 1606 – creation of London and Plymouth companies
King James granted a proprietary charter to two competing branches of the Virginia Company, which were supported by investors. These were the Plymouth Company and the London Company.
Invisible College is the term used for a small community of interacting scholars who often met face-to-face, exchanged ideas and encouraged each other. One group that has been described as a precursor group to the Royal en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible…
Society of London consisted of a number of natural philosophers around Robert Boyle.
Emblematic image of a Rosicrucian College; illustration from Speculum sophicum Rhodo-stauroticum, a 1618 work by Theophilus Schweighardt. Frances Yates identifies this as the "Invisible College
of the Rosy Cross".
The concept of "invisible college" is mentioned in German Rosicrucian pamphlets in the early 17th century. Ben Jonson in England referenced the idea, related in meaning to Francis Bacon's House of Solomon, in a masque The Fortunate Isles and Their Union from
In a U.S. State Department file a Green Cipher message from the U.S. embassy in Christiania (renamed Oslo in 1925), Norway, dated February 21, 1918 it reads: "Am informed that Bolshevik funds are deposited in Nya Banken, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olof_Asch…
Stockholm, Legation Stockholm advised. Schmedeman".
In 1913 Albert G. Schmedeman was appointed the United States Minister to Norway and held this position until 1921. During that time, Schmedeman accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of President Woodrow Wilson in 1919, and
was awarded the awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olaf in 1921 by Haakon VII.
Haakon VII (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈhôːkɔn]; born Prince Carl of Denmark; 3 August 1872 – 21 September 1957) was the King of Norway from November 1905 until his death in September 1957.
Thanks to four anonymous reviewers and to A. Crits-Christoph, E. Holmes, D. Robertson, J. Wertheim, J. Pekar, K. Andersen, S. Goldstein, A. Rambaut, H. Mourant, D. Yang, L. Wang, S. Chen, C. Di, and Q. Jiang science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
for assistance and discussions. The author is supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
The David and Lucile Packard Foundation is a private foundation that provides grants to not-for-profit organizations. It was created in
1964 by David Packard (co-founder of HP) and his wife Lucile Salter Packard.
David Packard (/ˈpækərd/ PAK-ərd; September 7, 1912 – March 26, 1996) was an American electrical engineer and co-founder, with Bill Hewlett, of Hewlett-Packard (1939), serving as president (1947–64),